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Changes in cerebral metabolism may underlie or precede structural and functional brain changes. While bariatric surgery is known to be effective in inducing weight loss and improving obesity\u2010related medical comorbidities, few studies have examined whether it may be able to improve brain metabolism. In the present study, we examined changes in cerebral metabolite concentrations in participants with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery. Thirty\u2010five patients with obesity (body mass index \u2265\u200935\u2009kg\/m2<\/jats:sup>) were recruited from a bariatric surgery candidate nutrition class. They completed single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at baseline (presurgery) and within 1 year postsurgery. Spectra were obtained from a large medial frontal brain region using a PRESS sequence on a 3\u2010T Siemens Verio scanner. The acquisition parameters were TR\u2009=\u20093000\u2009ms and TE\u2009=\u200937\u2009ms. Tissue\u2010corrected metabolite concentrations were determined using Osprey. Paired t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests were used to examine within\u2010subject change in metabolite concentrations, and correlations were used to relate these changes to other health\u2010related outcomes, including weight loss and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c<\/jats:sub>), a measure of blood sugar levels. Bariatric surgery was associated with a reduction in cerebral choline\u2010containing compounds (Cho; t<\/jats:italic> [34] =\u2009\u2212\u20093.79, p<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001, d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.64) and myo\u2010inositol (mI; t<\/jats:italic> [34] =\u2009\u2212\u20092.81, p<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.01, d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.47) concentrations. There were no significant changes in N\u2010acetyl\u2010aspartate, creatine, or glutamate and glutamine concentrations. Reductions in Cho were associated with greater weight loss (r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.40, p<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.05), and reductions in mI were associated with greater reductions in HbA1c<\/jats:sub> (r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.44, p<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.05). In conclusion, participants who underwent bariatric surgery exhibited reductions in cerebral Cho and mI concentrations, which were associated with improvements in weight loss and glycemic control. Given that elevated levels of Cho and mI have been implicated in neuroinflammation, reduction in these metabolites after bariatric surgery may reflect amelioration of obesity\u2010related neuroinflammatory processes. As such, our results provide evidence that bariatric surgery may improve brain health and metabolism in individuals with obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T04:30:46Z","timestamp":1673411446000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Change in medial frontal cerebral metabolite concentrations following bariatric surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3833-4909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Bottari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for OCD, Anxiety, and Related Disorders, Department of Psychiatry University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions University of Florida Gainesville Florida 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Florida Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexa","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark K.","family":"Britton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions University of Florida Gainesville Florida 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