{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:41Z","timestamp":1789948841799,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]],"date-time":"2023-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]],"date-time":"2023-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is a novel noninvasive method to assess tissue metabolism and organ (patho)physiology in vivo using deuterated substrates, such as [6,6\u2019\u2010\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ]\u2010glucose. The liver and kidneys play a central role in whole\u2010body glucose homeostasis, and in type 2 diabetes, both hepatic and renal glucose metabolism are dysregulated. Diabetes is also associated with gastric emptying abnormalities. In this study, we developed a four\u2010channel\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    H transmit\/receive body array coil for DMI in the human abdomen at 7\u00a0T and assessed its performance. In addition, the feasibility of simultaneously measuring gastric emptying, and hepatic and renal glucose uptake and metabolism with dynamic 3D DMI upon administration of deuterated glucose, was investigated. Simulated and measured B\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    patterns were in good agreement. The intrasession variability of the natural abundance deuterated water signal in the liver and right kidney, measured in nine healthy volunteers, was 5.6%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9% and 4.9%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7%, respectively. Dynamic 3D DMI scans with oral administration of [6,6\u2019\u2010\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ]\u2010glucose showed similar kinetics of deuterated glucose appearance and disappearance in the liver and kidney. The measured gastric emptying half time was 80\u2009\u00b1\u200910\u00a0min, which is in good agreement with scintigraphy measurements. In conclusion, DMI with oral administration of [6,6\u2019\u2010\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ]\u2010glucose enables simultaneous assessment of gastric emptying and liver and kidney glucose uptake and metabolism. When applied in patients with diabetes, this approach may advance our understanding of the interplay between disturbances in liver and kidney glucose uptake and metabolism and gastric emptying, at a detail that cannot be achieved by any other method.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T23:24:21Z","timestamp":1679009061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Deuterium body array for the simultaneous measurement of hepatic and renal glucose metabolism and gastric emptying with dynamic 3D deuterium metabolic imaging at 7 T"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8862-3012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayhan","family":"Gursan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0363-2471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjan D.","family":"Hendriks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Welting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pim A.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis W. J.","family":"Klomp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4756-4474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanine J.","family":"Prompers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00041.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00032.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00116.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464\u20105491.2009.02894.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050745"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.12.3048"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"330","article-title":"Ultrastructural 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GursanA BhogalA et al.Deuterium Echo\u2010Planar Spectroscopic Imaging (DEPSI) to Dynamically Monitor Deuterated Glucose in the Liver at 7T. 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