{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T14:21:09Z","timestamp":1770906069887,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EB024408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EB024408"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS090417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS090417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>While B<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> shimming is an important requirement for in vivo brain spectroscopy, for single voxel spectroscopy (SVS), the role for advanced shim methods has been questioned. Specifically, with the small spatial dimensions of the voxel, the extent to which inhomogeneities higher than second order exist and the ability of higher order shims to correct them is controversial. To assess this, we acquired SVS from two loci of neurophysiological interest, the rostral prefrontal cortex (rPFC; 8\u2009cc) and hippocampus (Hc; 9\u2009cc). The rPFC voxel was placed using SUsceptibility Managed Optimization (SUMO) and an initial B<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> map that covers the entire cerebrum to cerebellum. In each location, we compared map\u2010based shimming (Bolero) with projection\u2010based shimming (FAST(EST)MAP). We also compared vendor\u2010provided spherical harmonic first\u2010 and second\u2010order shims with additional third\u2010 and fourth\u2010order shim hardware. The 7T SVS acquisition used stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) TR\/TM\/TE of 6\u2009s\/20\u2009ms\/8\u2009ms, a tissue water acquisition for concentration reference, and LCModel for spectral analysis. In the rPFC (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097 subjects), Bolero shimming with first\u2010 and second\u2010order shims reduced the residual inhomogeneity \n from 9.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.5\u2009Hz with FAST(EST)MAP to 6.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0\u2009Hz. The addition of third\u2010 and fourth\u2010order shims further reduced \n to 4.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8\u2009Hz. In the Hc (n\u2009=\u20097 subjects), FAST(EST)MAP, Bolero with first\u2010 and second\u2010order shims, and Bolero with first\u2010 to fourth\u2010order shims achieved \n values of 8.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9, 5.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0, and 4.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9\u2009Hz, respectively. The spectral linewidth, \n, was estimated with a Voigt lineshape using \n and T2\u2009=\u2009130\u2009ms. \n significantly correlated with the Cramer\u2013Rao lower bounds and concentrations of several metabolites, including glutamate and glutamine in the rPFC. In both loci, if the B<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> distribution is well described by a Gaussian model, the variance of the metabolite concentrations is reduced, consistent with the LCModel fit based on a unimodal lineshape. Overall, the use of the high order and map\u2010based B<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> shim methods improved the accuracy and consistency of spectroscopic data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.5021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T19:00:39Z","timestamp":1692212439000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Map\u2010based B<sub>0<\/sub> shimming for single voxel brain spectroscopy at 7T"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Jullie W.","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Radiology University of Missouri Columbia  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa J.","family":"Terpstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Radiology University of Missouri Columbia  Columbia Missouri USA"},{"name":"Chemical and Biomedical Engineering University of Missouri Columbia  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chan\u2010Hong","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Radiology University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoby P.","family":"Hetherington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Radiology University of Missouri Columbia  Columbia Missouri USA"},{"name":"Resonance Research Inc.  Billerica Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27742"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4197"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4347"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0730\u2010725x(02)00507\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20941"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26563"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28438"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2594(200002)43:2<319::AID-MRM22>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910290613"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910300604"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910400607"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00723\u2010011\u20100280\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28672"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"HetheringtonH PanJW.Fast multislice MR spectroscopic imaging at 7T: achieving high RF performance. 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University of Minnesota High Field Meeting."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3865"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"Statistical Parametric Mapping.https:\/\/www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk\/spm\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.701"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26901"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910320504"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10246"}],"container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nbm.5021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:19:23Z","timestamp":1760959163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nbm.5021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nbm.5021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nbm.5021","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-3480","1099-1492"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-3480","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1492","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e5021"}}