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A typical two\u2010dimensional (2D) MR\u2010STAT acquisition uses a gradient\u2010spoiled, gradient\u2010echo sequence with a slowly varying RF flip\u2010angle train and Cartesian readouts, and the quantitative tissue maps are reconstructed by an iterative, model\u2010based optimization algorithm. In this work, we design a three\u2010dimensional (3D) MR\u2010STAT framework based on previous 2D work, in order to achieve better image signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio, higher though\u2010plane resolution, and better tissue characterization. Specifically, we design a 7\u2010min, high\u2010resolution 3D MR\u2010STAT sequence, and the corresponding two\u2010step reconstruction algorithm for the large\u2010scale dataset. To reduce the long acquisition time, Cartesian undersampling strategies such as SENSE are adopted in our transient\u2010state quantitative framework. To reduce the computational burden, a data\u2010splitting scheme is designed for decoupling the 3D reconstruction problem into independent 2D reconstructions. The proposed 3D framework is validated by numerical simulations, phantom experiments, and in vivo experiments. High\u2010quality knee quantitative maps with 0.8\u2009\u00d7\u20090.8\u2009\u00d7\u20091.5\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> resolution and bilateral lower leg maps with 1.6\u2009mm isotropic resolution can be acquired using the proposed 7\u2010min acquisition sequence and the 3\u2010min\u2010per\u2010slice decoupled reconstruction algorithm. The proposed 3D MR\u2010STAT framework could have wide clinical applications in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.5050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T18:44:48Z","timestamp":1697741088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A three\u2010dimensional Magnetic Resonance Spin Tomography in Time\u2010domain protocol for high\u2010resolution multiparametric quantitative magnetic resonance imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1319-0419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Imaging Group for MRI Therapy &amp; Diagnostics, Department of Radiotherapy University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8451-525X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"van der Heide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Imaging Group for MRI Therapy &amp; Diagnostics, Department of Radiotherapy University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3235-3970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin","family":"Versteeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Imaging Group for MRI Therapy &amp; Diagnostics, Department of Radiotherapy University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3841-0497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martijn","family":"Froeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Imaging Division University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5673-915X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miha","family":"Fuderer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Imaging Group for MRI Therapy &amp; Diagnostics, Department of Radiotherapy University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8505-9981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Imaging Group for MRI Therapy &amp; Diagnostics, Department of Radiotherapy University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelis A. 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