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Of particular interest are the complex interactions between lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in highly prevalent conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. Limited accessibility and the need for invasive procedures challenge direct investigations in humans. Hence, noninvasive dynamic evaluations of glycolytic flux and steady\u2010state assessments of lipid levels and composition are crucial for basic understanding and may open new avenues toward novel therapeutic targets. Here, three different MR spectroscopy (MRS) techniques that have been combined in a single interleaved examination in a 7T MR scanner are evaluated. <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MRS and <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u2010MRS probe endogenous metabolites, while deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) relies on administration of deuterated tracers, currently <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>H\u2010labelled glucose, to map the spatial and temporal evolution of their metabolic fate. All three techniques have been optimized for a robust single\u2010session clinical investigation and applied in a preliminary study of healthy subjects. The use of a triple\u2010channel <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\/<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>H\/<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C RF coil enables interleaved examinations with no need for repositioning. Short\u2010echo\u2010time STEAM spectroscopy provides well resolved spectra to quantify lipid content and composition. The relative benefits of using water saturation versus metabolite cycling and types of respiratory synchronization were evaluated. <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MR spectroscopic imaging allowed for registration of time\u2010 and space\u2010resolved glucose levels following oral ingestion of <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>H\u2010glucose, while natural abundance <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u2010MRS of glycogen provides a dynamic measure of hepatic glucose storage. For DMI and <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u2010MRS, the measurement precision of the method was estimated to be about 0.2 and about 16\u2009mM, respectively, for 5\u2009min scanning periods. Excellent results were shown for the determination of dynamic uptake of glucose with DMI and lipid profiles with <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MRS, while the determination of changes in glycogen levels by <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u2010MRS is also feasible but somewhat more limited by signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.5123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T21:25:01Z","timestamp":1709241901000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Interleaved trinuclear MRS for single\u2010session investigation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in human liver at 7T"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5676-3187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Poli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Methodology, Department for Diagnostic and Interventional 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