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Tumor tissue often exhibits an increased ratio of phosphomonoesters to phosphodiesters (PME\/PDE), which can be noninvasively measured by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P MRS), and may be a marker for early therapy response assessment in liver metastases. However, with commonly used <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P surface coils for liver <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P MRS, the liver is not fully covered, and metastases may be missed. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P MRS imaging (<jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P MRSI) with full liver coverage to assess <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P metabolite levels and chemotherapy\u2010induced changes in liver metastases of gastro\u2010esophageal cancer, using a <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P whole\u2010body birdcage transmit coil in combination with a <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P body receive array at 7\u2009T. 3D <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P MRSI data were acquired in two patients with hepatic metastases of esophageal cancer, before the start of chemotherapy and after 2 (and 9 in patient 2) weeks of chemotherapy. 3D <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P MRSI acquisitions were performed using an integrated <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P whole\u2010body transmit coil in combination with a 16\u2010channel body receive array at 7\u2009T, with a field of view covering the full abdomen and a nominal voxel size of 20\u2010mm isotropic. From the <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P MRSI data, 12 <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P metabolite signals were quantified. Prior to chemotherapy initiation, both PMEs, that is, phosphocholine (PC) and phosphoethanolamine (PE), were significantly higher in all metastases compared with the levels previously determined in the liver of healthy volunteers. After 2\u2009weeks of chemotherapy, PC and PE levels remained high or even increased further, resulting in increased PME\/PDE ratios compared with healthy liver tissue, in correspondence with the clinical assessment of progressive disease after 2\u2009months of chemotherapy. The suggested approach may present a viable tool for early therapy (non)response assessment of tumor metabolism in patients with liver metastases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.5155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,14]],"date-time":"2024-04-14T19:46:20Z","timestamp":1713123980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Measurement of metabolite levels and treatment\u2010induced changes in hepatic metastases of gastro\u2010esophageal cancer using 7\u2010T phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4416-5961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lieke","family":"van den Wildenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Image Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5491-5379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bobby A.","family":"Runderkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonard W. 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