{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T16:50:16Z","timestamp":1785343816357,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alzheimer's disease (<jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc>) is the most prevalent form of dementia, characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline, often affecting behavior and speech. Early detection of <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc> remains a challenge due to its symptomatic overlap with normal aging and other cognitive disorders, necessitating precise classification methods. This paper proposes a novel Skill Al\u2010Biruni Earth Radius Optimization\u2010enabled Deep Spiking Neural Network (SBERO_Deep SNN) for <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc> classification using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Initially, input MRI images undergo enhancement through thresholding transformations. The segmentation is done using UNeXT, which is optimized by the hybrid SBERO algorithm. The SBERO combines the Skill Optimization Algorithm (SOA) and Al\u2010Biruni Earth Radius (BER). Statistical features, local binary patterns (LBP), and gradient directional patterns (GDP) are then extracted, and classification is performed using a Deep Spiking Neural Network (Deep SNN) trained with SBERO. The proposed method achieves 90.49% accuracy, 89.98% sensitivity, and 90.16% specificity, outperforming existing state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art techniques in <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc> classification. The qualitative analysis highlights the robustness of the model in differentiating <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc> from other cognitive disorders, particularly in early stages, providing a reliable tool for clinical diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.5323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T23:30:31Z","timestamp":1738193431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["SBERO: Skill Al\u2010Biruni Earth Radius Optimization for Alzheimer's Disease Classification Using Magnetic Resonance Image"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Gowsikraja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Design Kongu Engineering College  Erode Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Geetha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering Excel Engineering College  Komarapalayam Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of AIML K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology  Tiruchengode Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.662674"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","article-title":"Hybridized Deep Learning Approach for Detecting Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"11","author":"Balaji P.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-022-06762-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13152489"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12030676"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"329","article-title":"Multiplane Convolutional Neural Network (Mp\u2010CNN) for Alzheimer's Disease Classification","volume":"15","author":"Angkoso C. 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