{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T01:07:26Z","timestamp":1773796046344,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Multidelay arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI requires balancing temporal information with signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (SNR). A hybrid scheme combines the high SNR of time\u2010encoded pseudo\u2010continuous ASL (PCASL) with the temporal flexibility of variable\u2010TR PCASL. The purpose of the present study was to assess the SNR and quantitative performance of the hybrid scheme by comparing it to time\u2010encoded and variable\u2010TR schemes for evaluating cerebral perfusion in patients with moyamoya disease. Twenty patients with moyamoya disease (8 men and 12 women, 27.6\u2009\u00b1\u200922.7\u2009years) were scanned with 3\u2009T MRI system. Variable\u2010TR PCASL with 12 delays (vTR12), time\u2010encoded PCASL with seven delays (TEnc7), and hybrid PCASL with 12 (4\u2009\u00d7\u20093) delays (Hyb12) were obtained. Hyb12 and vTR12 were configured with nearly identical label duration (LD) and postlabeling delay (PLD) settings. For TEnc7, it was balanced so that the maximum LD\u2009+\u2009PLD time is the same. Time\u2010corrected SNR (SNR\n                    <jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and arterial transit time (ATT) were measured in vascular territories within gray matter. The three parameters were compared using the Friedman's matched test, followed by the Dunn's multiple comparison test. Correlations were evaluated with Pearson's correlation, and agreement was assessed by Bland\u2013Altman plot analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The SNR\n                    <jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>\n                    of Hyb12 (4.67\u2009\u00b1\u20091.97) was significantly higher than that of vTR12 (3.27\u2009\u00b1\u20091.37,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and TEnc7 (3.52\u2009\u00b1\u20091.32,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The CBF of Hyb12 (49.9\u2009\u00b1\u200913.7\u2009mL\/100\u2009g\/min) was significantly lower than that of vTR12 (54.9\u2009\u00b1\u200915.4\u2009mL\/100\u2009g\/min,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and TEnc7 (57.5\u2009\u00b1\u200915.9\u2009mL\/100\u2009g\/min,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The ATT of Hyb12 (1240\u2009\u00b1\u2009430\u2009ms) was significantly shorter than that of vTR12 (1474\u2009\u00b1\u2009419\u2009ms,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and TEnc7 (1402\u2009\u00b1\u2009333\u2009ms,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). CBF and ATT measurements from Hyb12 showed strong correlations and good agreement with the other two schemes. The hybrid scheme offers higher SNR\n                    <jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>\n                    than both time\u2010encoded and variable\u2010TR schemes, which may improve the accuracy of cerebral perfusion assessment in patients with cerebral artery occlusive diseases, where delayed blood flow is a concern.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.70069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T02:20:26Z","timestamp":1748053226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hybrid Multidelay PCASL Acquired With Time\u2010Encoded and Variable\u2010TR Schemes for the Assessment of Cerebral Perfusion in Moyamoya Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5910-7852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osamu","family":"Togao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Imaging and Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Obara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philips Japan  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazufumi","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuhiro","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology Kyushu University Hospital  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiaki","family":"Tokunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology Kyushu University Hospital  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryoji","family":"Mikayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology Kyushu University Hospital  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Arimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ataru","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shota","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Kyoto College of Medical Science  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"V\u00e1clav\u016f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7034-8959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias\u00a0J.\u00a0P.","family":"van Osch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"van de Ven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philips Healthcare  Best the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"van Cauteren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philips Japan  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kousei","family":"Ishigami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1969.00480090076012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.81.6.0843"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0303\u20108467(97)00061\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2335\/scs.46.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/jns\u2010nmc.2021\u20100382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24335"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17713434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2015.2395257"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"870","article-title":"Pseudo\u2010Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling Using Multiple Label\u2010 and Post\u2010Label Duration With Dynamically Optimized Background Suppression","volume":"29","author":"Obara M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings on International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234\u2010022\u201003095\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","article-title":"Comparison of a Hybrid Multi\u2010Delay Pseudo\u2010Continuous Arterial Spin Labelling Scheme with Time\u2010Encoded and Variable\u2010TR Schemes","volume":"31","author":"Obara M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proceedings on International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.2013\u20100036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910400308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0582"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"H. 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