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Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) probes tissue microstructure, while intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) reflects microvascular flows. This study evaluated whether DKI or combined IVIM\u2010DKI analysis could detect microstructural and microvascular alterations after TBI and compared the sensitivity of these methods to the standard diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and IVIM models. Longitudinal DKI and IVIM\u2010DKI changes were investigated following controlled cortical impact (CCI) in mice at 3, 10, and 22\u2009days post\u2010injury. For this, parametric maps were obtained which for DKI included fractional anisotropy (FA), axial, radial, and mean diffusivity (<jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc>, RD, and MD), axial, radial, and mean kurtosis (AK, RK, and MK). For IVIM\u2010DKI, we obtain perfusion fraction (<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>), pseudo\u2010diffusion coefficient (<jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>*<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>), diffusivity (<jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>), and powder kurtosis (). Additionally, results for the non\u2010kurtosis metrics were compared to results for the corresponding metrics as estimated by the standard DTI and IVIM models. Widespread increases in MD, <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc>, and RD were present in white and gray matter on Day 3 post\u2010injury. On Day 10, these increases were replaced by focally decreased FA and <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc> in white matter, and increased <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic> in the ipsilateral cortex. On Day 22, decreases in FA and <jats:sc>AD<\/jats:sc> were progressively widespread in white matter and accompanied by decreased MD, MK, AK, and RK. Standard DTI revealed less widespread differences at all time points, and standard IVIM detected no significant differences in <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>. These results show DKI and IVIM\u2010DKI as promising tools for assessing microstructural and microvascular alterations after TBI. DKI captured widespread white matter changes and early gray matter alterations, while IVIM\u2010DKI detected intermediate changes in <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic> in gray matter. Both methods captured additional injury\u2010related differences compared to standard DTI and IVIM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.70110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T06:38:57Z","timestamp":1754116737000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exploring IVIM\u2010DKI and DKI for Assessing Microvascular and Microstructural Changes After Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5175-2703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Harritz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health, Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Sino\u2010Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"The Podium Institute for 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