{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:24:42Z","timestamp":1790965482495,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing global health problem, resulting in gradual loss of renal function and irreversible renal injury. The noninvasive detection, monitoring, and timely intervention of CKD might benefit the patients' prognosis. This study aims to assess renal functional injury in CKD patients by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). One hundred thirty\u2010four consecutive CKD patients with stage (S) 1\u20135 and 28 healthy volunteers (HVs) underwent MRI to obtain renal susceptibility values and renal volumes. Clinical information and serum biomarkers were collected. Differences in susceptibility values and renal volumes were compared among HVs and CKD patients. Correlations between susceptibility values, renal volumes, and clinical indicators were analyzed. The performance of QSM in discriminating HVs, S1\u20132, and S3\u20135 CKD patients was evaluated using areas under the curve (AUCs). Susceptibility values were significantly lower in CKD S3\u20135 patients than in both HVs and CKD S1\u20132 patients, and lower in CKD S1\u20132 patients than in HVs (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No significant difference in renal volumes was found among HVs, CKD S1\u20132, and S3\u20135 patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.117). Significant correlations were observed between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and renal volumes (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.296, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and between eGFR and susceptibility values (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.579, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Susceptibility values were significant for discriminating patients with CKD S1\u20132 from HVs (AUC\u2009=\u20090.698, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), S3\u20135 from HVs (AUC\u2009=\u20090.896, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and S3\u20135 from S1\u20132 (AUC\u2009=\u20090.701, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Therefore, QSM was feasible for assessing renal functional injury in CKD patients. The QSM parameter exhibits potential values in differentiating HVs, CKD S1\u20132, and S3\u20135 patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.70111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T23:53:34Z","timestamp":1757289214000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping for Evaluating Renal Functional Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ran","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haodong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science East China Normal University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science East China Normal University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulin","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science East China Normal University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junpeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science East China Normal University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Kuehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Applications Predevelopment Siemens Healthineers AG  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengxiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Scientific Marketing, Diagnostic Imaging Siemens Healthineers Ltd.  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caixia","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Applications Development Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd.  Shenzhen People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science East China Normal University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2866-9529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuohui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u2010981\u201013\u20108871\u20102_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010158\u201011\u2010201306040\u201000007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2014.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620\u2010020\u201000793\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010111143"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28784"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2024.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010022\u201009331\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28903"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2014.2361764"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.12.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims\u201020\u2010720"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.111155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334\u2010020\u201000895\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21737"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1670"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.08.082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmre.2000.2267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2017.2749298"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000491551"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13130367"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2010.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3481505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964\u2010024\u201001502\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17305\/bb.2024.10257"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255\u2010023\u201000928\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118371"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27891"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26392"}],"container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nbm.70111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:27:24Z","timestamp":1760963244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nbm.70111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nbm.70111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nbm.70111","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-3480","1099-1492"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-3480","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1492","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70111"}}