{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:50:42Z","timestamp":1786978242086,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of combining a choline kinase alpha (ChoK\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) inhibitor, MN58b, and temozolomide (TMZ) in a syngeneic GL261 glioblastoma (GBM) mouse model. It used MR spectroscopy (MRS) and intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion\u2010weighted imaging (IVIM\u2010DWI) to assess metabolic and microstructural changes within the tumor. Fifty\u2010two C57BL\/6 mice had GL261 cells implanted intracranially and were divided into four groups: saline control, MN58b, TMZ, and MN58b\u2009+\u2009TMZ (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200916, 14, 11, and 11, respectively). Treatments were administered for 5\u2009days, starting 10\u2009days post\u2010implantation. MRI scans (T\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010weighted, MRS, IVIM\u2010DWI) were performed at baseline, during treatment (Day 3), and post\u2010treatment (Day 6). The histological analysis evaluated the tumor mitotic index and caspase\u20103 expression. Combination therapy with MN58b\u2009+\u2009TMZ significantly reduced tCho\/NAA, Lip\u2009+\u2009Lac\/tCr, and mI\/tCr, suggesting decreased phosphocholine synthesis and tumor proliferation. IVIM\u2010DWI showed a significant increase in diffusion coefficient (D) values, indicating reduced cell density. Metabolic changes detected by\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H MRS were observable as early as Day 3 post\u2010treatment initiation, preceding microstructural alterations detected by IVIM\u2010DWI at Day 6. This suggests that MRS biomarkers may serve as early indicators of treatment response, facilitating timely therapeutic decisions. Histology confirmed a significantly lower mitotic index relative to control tumors in the combination treatment group. Significantly prolonged survival with combination therapy was noted relative to other groups. However, the tumor volumes were not significantly different between groups. Combination therapy targeting ChoK\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and cellular proliferation with MN58b and TMZ outperformed individual treatments for GBM, warranting further exploration. The integration of MN58b with the current standard of care (TMZ\u2009+\u2009RT) might further enhance the therapeutic outcomes. MRS and IVIM\u2010DWI demonstrate potential utility as non\u2010invasive imaging markers for treatment monitoring.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.70113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T07:45:49Z","timestamp":1754293549000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluating the Combined Effect of a Choline Kinase Inhibitor and Temozolomide Therapy in a Mouse Model of Glioblastoma Using\n                    <sup>1<\/sup>\n                    H MR Spectroscopy and IVIM\u2010DWI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Tareq","family":"Alrashidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for PreClinical Imaging University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sourav","family":"Bhaduri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advancing Intelligence (IAI), TCG CREST  Kolkata India"},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)  Ghaziabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth\u00a0Non","family":"Gash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for PreClinical Imaging University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohesh","family":"Moothanchery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for PreClinical Imaging University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for PreClinical Imaging University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahon\u00a0L.","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for PreClinical Imaging University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Ressel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Anatomy Physiology and Pathology University of Liverpool  Chester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harish","family":"Poptani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for PreClinical Imaging University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/RPOR.a2022.0113"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","first-page":"475","article-title":"Update on Brain Tumour Imaging: From Anatomy to Physiology","volume":"27","author":"Cha S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of 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