{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:01:10Z","timestamp":1791475270679,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Understanding gastric physiology in rodents is critical for advancing preclinical neurogastroenterology research. However, existing techniques are often invasive, terminal, or limited in resolution. This study aims to develop a non\u2010invasive, standardized MRI protocol capable of capturing whole\u2010stomach dynamics in anesthetized rats with high spatiotemporal resolution. Experiments were performed in a 7\u2010T MRI system. Gadolinium\u2010doped test meals were prepared to enhance intraluminal contrast in T\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010weighted MRI. Based on a modified multi\u2010slice gradient\u2010echo sequence, our protocol integrates respiratory gating to minimize motion artifacts, spatial saturation to improve intraluminal contrast, and slice grouping to optimize the trade\u2010offs between signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio and motion sensitivity. Image acquisition was accelerated using a time\u2010interleaved k\u2010space undersampling scheme, with missing data reconstructed through k\u2010t interpolation. Image quality and gastric motility were quantitatively assessed. The protocol enabled successful imaging of the stomach and visualization of its quasi\u2010periodic dynamics in anesthetized rats. The gadolinium\u2010doped meal produced relatively homogeneous intraluminal contrast, allowing clear delineation of gastric anatomy, volume, and motility. The retrospectively reconstructed image exhibited high image quality and yielded reliable estimates of antral contractions, confirming the effectiveness and robustness of the k\u2010t interpolation method. Estimated antral contraction amplitude and velocity showed minimal deviations from the reference values, whereas contraction frequency estimation remained highly consistent and accurate. Using the accelerated imaging protocol, we imaged the entire stomach and major intestinal regions, acquiring 24 slices with an effective temporal resolution of &lt;\u20093\u2009s and capturing antral contraction at ~5\u2009cycles per minute. We established an accessible and standardized imaging protocol that encompasses contrast meal preparation, animal handling and training, and a contrast\u2010enhanced dynamic GI MRI acquisition and reconstruction framework. This protocol provides a comprehensive, robust, non\u2010invasive tool for studying gastric motility and dysmotility in rodents, offering strong potential to advance preclinical gastrointestinal motility research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.70138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T06:50:31Z","timestamp":1757487031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Whole\u2010Stomach Motility in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Xiaokai","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich\u00a0M.","family":"Scheven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan 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