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Controlled cortical impact (CCI) at depths of 1\u2009mm (mild), 3\u2009mm (moderate), and 5\u2009mm (severe) was induced in 55 adult rats (28 males, 27 females), followed by 4.7\u2009T MRI scanning (at 1\u2009h, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28\u2009days). T\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , T\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    , apparent diffusion coefficient, cerebral blood flow, APTw, and magnetization transfer ratio values in the perilesional cortex were analyzed. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the ability of these MRI signals to identify ischemia and neuroinflammation. At 1\u2009h post\u2010injury, perilesional cortical APTw signals decreased due to ischemia. APTw hypointensities used to identify ischemia had medium to large effect sizes of \u22120.620, \u22120.931, and \u22120.516 for mild, moderate, and severe TBI, respectively. At 3\u2009days post\u2010injury, perilesional cortical APTw signals increased due to neuroinflammation. APTw hyperintensities used to identify neuroinflammation had effect sizes of 0.247, 2.099, and 2.830 for mild, moderate, and severe TBI, respectively, superior to all other MRI parameters (APTw AUC\u2009=\u20090.950). APTw imaging shows promise for the detection of ischemia and neuroinflammation at an early stage post\u2010CCI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.70229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T01:41:12Z","timestamp":1768441272000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection Accuracy of Ischemia and Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats Using Amide Proton Transfer\u2010Weighted MRI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Yunfan","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland 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