{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:34:42Z","timestamp":1773016482404,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The eye is a complex structure, with multiple systems involved in focusing and detecting light. Among them, the retina, an integral component of the central nervous system, is considered the most vital and exhibits the highest metabolic activity among all tissues in the human body. It interacts with light, and excessive exposure, especially to blue light, is prone to produce degeneration, mainly through oxidative reactions. This mechanism is involved in age\u2010related macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy. Animal research is important, considering the high prevalence of these diseases; yet noninvasive procedures involving this research are lacking so far. Our objective was to apply an animal model of oxidative stress and monitor the metabolic changes using 11.7\u2010T\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H\u2010magnetic resonance spectroscopy (\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H\u2010MRS). We exposed adult rats to high intensity blue light, at 440\u2009nm (6000\u2009lx) and investigated retinal metabolic changes up to 48\u2009h post exposure. The acquired spectrum highlighted the presence of several essential retinal metabolites, including lipids (alkyl chain CH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), lactate,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate (Glu), choline (Cho), taurine (Tau), creatine (Cre), and glucose (Glc). Blue light induced specific changes, relatable to oxidative stress, and\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H\u2010MRS allowed us to follow the dynamic metabolic changes post exposure. This is the first in\u00a0vivo spectroscopic study of the retinal tissue in which no animals were sacrificed. To validate the in\u00a0vivo metabolite assignments, localized ex\u00a0vivo\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H\u2010MRS was performed on eyes from separate animals that had not been exposed to blue light.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.70240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T06:34:41Z","timestamp":1771310081000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Noninvasive 11.7\u2010T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging Reveals Retinal Metabolic Alterations Induced by Blue Light Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Lacramioara","family":"Samoila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy  Cluj\u2010Napoca 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