{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T12:29:21Z","timestamp":1773923361182,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR203314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203314"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011699","name":"Siemens Healthineers","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["230151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["230151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["28677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["28677"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Semiquantitative fat fraction estimation using 2\u2010point Dixon sequences is widely used in whole\u2010body (WB) MR imaging for malignant bone disease but is biased by relaxation times. Understanding this bias requires water\u2010 and fat\u2010specific relaxometry data in normal\u2010appearing marrow and lesions. This study measured bone marrow relaxation times in healthy volunteers and WB\u2010MRI patients using MRS at 3T. Five healthy female volunteers (mean age 38.0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5\u2009years) and 24 patients with malignant bone disease undergoing clinical WB\u2010MRI (13 male; mean age 67.7\u2009\u00b1\u20099.7\u2009years; primary cancers: breast\u2009=\u20095, melanoma\u2009=\u20091, multiple myeloma\u2009=\u20098, prostate\u2009=\u200910) underwent variable inversion\/echo time STEAM and 3D gradient echo fat\u2010water imaging. MRS water and fat peaks were fitted to determine T1, T2, R2* (from linewidths) and proton density fat fraction (PDFF). Scan\u2010rescan repeatability of MRS parameters was assessed in volunteers. Lesions were classified by disease state according to clinical reports and segmented in Dixon imaging data for comparison of fat fraction estimates with MRS. Repeatability was evaluated using coefficients of variation. Summary statistics (mean, standard deviation and range) were reported; exploratory inferential statistics were also determined with normality (Shapiro\u2013Wilk) and variance (Levene's) tests before one\u2010way ANOVA and Tukey's comparisons (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Monte\u2013Carlo simulations assessed relaxation bias on PDFF. All quantitative MRS parameters were repeatable (coefficient of variation &lt;\u200910%). Water T1 and T2 were most sensitive to disease state in patients, ranging from 1121 to 2206\u2009and from 15 to 71\u2009ms respectively, and were demonstrated to substantially affect 2\u2010point Dixon fat fraction estimates with Monte\u2013Carlo simulation. Imaging PDFF achieves closer agreement with MRS PDFF than 2\u2010point Dixon methods. These findings remain preliminary due to the small sample size, but they suggest value in future studies with larger cohorts evaluating water relaxation times or PDFF in malignant bone disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.70242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T09:33:29Z","timestamp":1772962409000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Patient\u2010Specific Biases in Fat Fraction Estimates of Malignant Bone Marrow due to Relaxation Times Measured With STEAM at 3T"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4429-2828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yassine\u00a0N.","family":"Azma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRI Unit Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging The Institute of Cancer Research  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David\u00a0J.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRI Unit Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging The Institute of Cancer Research  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0075-0103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pete\u00a0J.","family":"Lally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Tunariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRI Unit Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging The Institute of Cancer Research  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dow\u2010Mu","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRI Unit Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging The Institute of Cancer Research  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0557-9379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Messiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRI Unit Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging The Institute of Cancer Research  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoff","family":"Charles\u2010Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRI Unit Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging The Institute of Cancer Research  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Triantafyllou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Collaborations GBI Siemens Healthcare Ltd  Camberley UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neal\u00a0K.","family":"Bangerter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boise State College of Engineering  Boise Idaho USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica\u00a0M.","family":"Winfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRI Unit Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging The Institute of Cancer Research  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019181949"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021201740"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14401"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010017\u20104907\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010022\u201008536\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/rli.0000000000000415"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21301"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3420"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27065"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25681"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13104\/imri.2017.21.1.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24657"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4439"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25205"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01737683"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.772530"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2013.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v5.i4.486"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522\u20102586(200102)13:2<263::Aid\u2010jmri1038>3.0.Co;2\u2010m"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21809"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25054"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22230"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25094"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1622"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910370504"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3267"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22623"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.d800010\u2010jlr200"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015142202"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22489"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25912"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010013\u20102792\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.21.26534"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010025\u201011564\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25677"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20623"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28062"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29590"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30257"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334\u2010019\u201000750\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29860"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22580"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29157"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24946"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22455"}],"container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nbm.70242","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/nbm.70242","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nbm.70242","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T08:34:46Z","timestamp":1773909286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nbm.70242"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nbm.70242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nbm.70242","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-3480","1099-1492"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-3480","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1492","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70242"}}