{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T12:30:24Z","timestamp":1773923424626,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82441015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82441015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2522037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2522037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82272109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018527","name":"Key Research Program of Frontier Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZDBS\u2010LY\u2010JSC004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDBS\u2010LY\u2010JSC004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018527","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Therapeutic effects in acute lung injury (ALI) vary considerably among individuals, presenting a significant clinical challenge in optimizing treatment strategies\u2014particularly with agents such as glucocorticoids. Non\u2010invasive techniques capable of quantifying pulmonary physiological changes in the lung are essential for evaluating treatment efficacy and elucidating underlying mechanisms. Herein, we investigated the feasibility of hyperpolarized\n                    <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>\n                    Xe magnetic resonance (MR) for assessing the effects of dexamethasone treatment in a rat model of ALI. Fifteen Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095 each): a treatment group with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010induced ALI treated with dexamethasone (DEX), an ALI group subjected to the same LPS induction but treated with normal saline, and a control group receiving only normal saline. All rats underwent\n                    <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>\n                    Xe MR, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), computed tomography (CT), and histological analysis. Quantitative results from\n                    <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>\n                    Xe MR were analyzed using Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests followed by Conover\u2013Iman multiple comparison tests. Correlations among MRI, PFTs, and CT findings were evaluated. The ratio of\n                    <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>\n                    Xe signal in red blood cells to pulmonary Membrane (RBC\/Mem) was reduced in the ALI group compared with the control group (median, 0.356 [IQR,0.035] vs. 0.607 [IQR,0.086],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and partially recovered in the treatment group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Notably, persistent functional impairment in the treatment group was not detected by PFTs or CT imaging. The RBC\/Mem correlated well with forced vital capacity (FVC) and mean lung density (MLD) (both\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, hematocrit (Hct) increased in the treatment group compared to the ALI group (Hct: median, 0.242 [IQR, 0.031] vs. 0.216 [IQR, 0.019],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). These findings demonstrate the potential of hyperpolarized\n                    <jats:sup>129<\/jats:sup>\n                    Xe MR as a non\u2010invasive and highly sensitive modality for detecting subtle or residual gas\u2010exchange abnormalities, supporting its further application in interventional studies of acute lung injury.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.70254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T02:39:18Z","timestamp":1773023958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Therapeutic Effects Assessment in Acute Lung Injury Using Hyperpolarized\n                    <sup>129<\/sup>\n                    Xe Magnetic Resonance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2010Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haidong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2010Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2010Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2010Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongchuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2010Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingyan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2010Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2010Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2010Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiuchao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2010Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haofeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2010Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siya","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2010Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan 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Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2010Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering Hainan University  Haikou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04828-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2216458120"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abc2499"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12969"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050541"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-021-03016-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-021-00500-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934364"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"2526","article-title":"Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The Berlin Definition","volume":"307","author":"Ranieri 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