{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T05:04:23Z","timestamp":1779771863078,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007660","name":"Universiteit Antwerpen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["44883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["44883"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007660","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101126235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101126235"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    T\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    * quantification based on multi\u2010echo ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI has been widely proposed for knee tissue characterization, yet accurate model\u2010based parameter estimation remains challenging due to ill\u2010conditioning of the corresponding inverse problems. Alternatively, data\u2010driven methods such as non\u2010negative matrix factorization (NMF) can derive tissue features without relying on biophysical model assumptions. This study aimed to investigate the use of an NMF\u2010based framework informed by 3D multi\u2010echo UTE MRI for multi\u2010compartmental analysis of healthy and impaired knee structures. To this end, six asymptomatic adults and 13 patients underwent 3\u2010T MRI, including routine anatomical sequences, and a 3D UTE spiral research sequence with six echo times. Convexity\u2010constrained NMF was used to identify characteristic signal components from UTE T\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    *\u2010weighted datasets. Basis functions were determined based on asymptomatic knee data and used to compute subject\u2010specific weight maps. Normalized weight distributions were computed for 13 regions of interest across asymptomatic knees and contrasted with median weights of selected structures in patients. The application of the NMF\u2010based framework yielded four reproducible basis functions associated with fast decay, slow decay, water\u2013fat mixing, and fat\u2010like behavior. Knee structures with known short T\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    * showed a dominant fast\u2010decaying component (median weights \u2265\u20090.68), while structures with long T\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    * showed a greater contribution from the slowly\u2010decaying component (median weights \u2265\u20090.44). The fat\u2010like component was predominant in Hoffa's fat pad, while the water\u2013fat mixture\u2010related component's contribution was overall low. Lesioned menisci and ligaments generally displayed reduced fast\u2010decaying and increased slowly decaying component contributions. These findings suggest that convexity\u2010constrained NMF of 3D multi\u2010echo UTE MRI is feasible for data\u2010driven knee tissue characterization as it extracts biophysically related signal components and describes their relative contribution to the measured signal in various knee tissues. Moreover, the proposed framework shows potential for differentiation between asymptomatic and impaired knee tissues, particularly in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus and the anterior cruciate ligament, and consequently holds promise for more objective diagnosis and monitoring of internal knee derangements.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.70299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T09:45:52Z","timestamp":1778147152000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Data\u2010Driven Characterization of Knee Structures Using Non\u2010Negative Matrix Factorization of 3D Multi\u2010Echo UTE MRI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6392-2913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Smekens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"imec\u2010Vision Lab, Department of Physics University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Siemens Healthcare NV\/SA, Alfons Gossetlaan 54  Dilbeek Belgium"},{"name":"\u03bcNEURO Research Centre of Excellence University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7777-6008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieter","family":"Van Dyck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"MIRA, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"\u03bcNEURO Research Centre of Excellence University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9004-8355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick S.","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"imec\u2010Vision Lab, Department of Physics University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"\u03bcNEURO Research Centre of Excellence University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4225-2487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Sijbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"imec\u2010Vision Lab, Department of Physics University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"\u03bcNEURO Research Centre of Excellence University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Janssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siemens Healthcare NV\/SA, Alfons Gossetlaan 54  Dilbeek Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3488-9819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Jeurissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"imec\u2010Vision Lab, Department of Physics University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"\u03bcNEURO Research Centre of Excellence University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1  Antwerp 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