{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T05:04:20Z","timestamp":1779771860064,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102026\u201025486260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102026\u201025486260"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) measures the intrinsic magnetic susceptibility of tissues. Because susceptibility values are inherently relative rather than absolute, referencing to a region of interest (ROI) is commonly employed to mitigate intersubject and acquisition\u2010related variability. To validate the feasibility and robustness of a differential ROI reference method in QSM using both digital phantom and in\u00a0vivo data, particularly for deep gray matter susceptibility analysis. In the digital phantom study, susceptibility values in the caudate nucleus were assessed with and without differential referencing across various simulation conditions (slab widths, brain mask erosion levels, air susceptibility). In the in\u00a0vivo study, susceptibility differences between 16 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 16 controls were compared across multiple deep gray matter ROIs under variable acquisition parameters. A one\u2010way ANOVA statistical test was used in the in\u00a0vivo study with multiple\u2010comparison correction via the Benjamini\u2013Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR\u2010BH), with significance set at\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05. In this study, \u201caccuracy\u201d refers specifically to the phantom study where ground\u2010truth susceptibility values are known. In\u00a0vivo, where such ground truth is unavailable, \u201crobustness\u201d and \u201cgroup\u2010discrimination sensitivity\u201d are used as surrogate indicators of accuracy. Robustness was evaluated by the consistency of susceptibility differences across varying acquisition parameters, whereas group\u2010discrimination sensitivity was evaluated by the ability to detect disease\u2010related group differences between PD patients and controls. In the digital phantom study, the proposed method demonstrated stable susceptibility estimates across all conditions, with minimal deviation from true values when referencing anatomically adjacent ROIs. In the in\u00a0vivo study, referenced susceptibility values (e.g., substantia nigra minus putamen) yielded consistent and significant group differences across acquisition scenarios, whereas unreferenced values were more variable. The differential ROI reference method reduces susceptibility variability associated with acquisition and processing factors. This approach may offer a practical and pathology\u2010resilient referencing alternative for deep brain analysis in neurodegenerative diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.70301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T09:55:19Z","timestamp":1778147719000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reducing Variability in Deep Gray Matter QSM Using Differential ROI Referencing: A Phantom and In\u00a0Vivo Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Tae Hyun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AIRS Medical  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9955-1974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gawon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Hankuk University of 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