{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T05:04:32Z","timestamp":1779771872510,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults and almost always recurs. In recurrent GBM, conventional MRI has limited ability to detect microscopic tumor infiltration and distinguish progression from treatment\u2010related change. Spectroscopic MRI (sMRI) provides quantitative metabolic maps across much of the brain, including choline (Cho) and N\u2010acetylaspartate (NAA), a marker of healthy tissue. Because Cho\/NAA is commonly used to define metabolically abnormal tissue, and prior radiation therapy (RT) can alter metabolite levels, we evaluated whether prior RT shifts baseline Cho\/NAA in recurrent disease. We retrospectively studied 20 patients with recurrent GBM previously treated with maximal safe resection, RT, and temozolomide who underwent whole\u2010brain sMRI at recurrence. The median interval from RT completion to sMRI was 8.99\u2009months. T1\u2010weighted images were co\u2010registered to sMRI in MIDAS and aligned with planning CT in MIM to generate radiation dose maps. MIDAS generated tissue\u2010water\u2010referenced Cho, NAA, and creatine (Cr) maps, and Cho\/NAA was normalized to contralateral normal\u2010appearing white matter. Voxel\u2010wise linear regression was performed between prior radiation dose and metabolite values at recurrence. Higher prior dose was associated with reduced NAA (\u22120.26%\/Gy,\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.011,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and Cr (\u22120.18%\/Gy,\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while Cho changed minimally (\u22120.023%\/Gy,\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Accordingly, normalized Cho\/NAA increased with dose, with a mean slope of 0.0018\/Gy (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). A standard Cho\/NAA threshold of 2 corresponded to a median of 2.39 (range, 1.91\u20132.72) in tissue previously receiving 60\u2009Gy. These findings suggest prior RT modestly elevates baseline Cho\/NAA, primarily through NAA reduction, and that dose\u2010corrected Cho\/NAA maps may improve tumor delineation in recurrent GBM.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.70303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T13:27:03Z","timestamp":1777987623000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiation Effects on Normal Brain in Subjects With Recurrent Glioblastoma by Spectroscopic MRI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0542-6548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abram","family":"Abdou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Miami  Coral Gables Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulaiman","family":"Sheriff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences  Detroit Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miah","family":"Nicholls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Henry Ford Health  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Mellon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Miami  Coral Gables Florida USA"},{"name":"Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences  Detroit Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology College of Human Medicine  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043330"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70025-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.18718"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","article-title":"Standard Clinical Approaches and Emerging Modalities for Glioblastoma Imaging","volume":"4","author":"Bernstock J. 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