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The PEG macromolecular chain can also be used as a noninvasive reporter to track biologics in\u00a0vivo by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Rapid internal dynamics of PEG render the transverse\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H spin relaxation time to be comparable to water (~0.5\u2009s) and amenable to imaging through traditional pulsed field gradient techniques. While water signal grossly exceeds that of PEG it is possible to filter\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H MRS signal of PEGylated conjugates through one of two ways\u2014(1) stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) MRS, which leverages huge differences in the diffusion of water versus PEGylated constructs, and (2)\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010edited\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H MRS of fully\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010enriched PEGylated constructs. Here, we compare both approaches. A 15\u2009kDa\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010enriched PEG chain was prepared alone, conjugated to bovine serum\u2010albumin (BSA), and incorporated into a 52\u2010nm\u2010diameter PEG\u2010poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticle. These three PEG constructs were then separately monitored in real time by\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010edited\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H MRS, after introducing them into rat animal models intravenously. A\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010editing scheme was employed to monitor\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H MRS PEG signal in the vasculature via a radiofrequency coil placed around the tail. An observed two\u2010component decay of the PEG signal is attributed to perfusion and early equilibration (alpha phase) and slow clearance (beta phase).\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010PEG alone,\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010PEG\u2010BSA, and\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010PEG\u2013PLA nanoparticles exhibited half\u2010lives of 38.6\u2009min, 23.4\u2009h, and 11.9\u2009h, respectively. The relatively rapid clearance rates associated with the PEG\u2013PLA nanoparticles is expected to arise from enzymatic degradation of the PLA chain. Using STEAM\u2010based editing schemes, we then evaluated sensitivity and water suppression in diffusion\u2010edited\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H MRS for (\n                    <jats:sup>12<\/jats:sup>\n                    C)\u2010PEGylated BSA contrasting 2\u2010, 20\u2010, and 40\u2010kDa PEG chains, in imaging phantom samples. Larger molecular weight PEG chains (i.e., 40\u2009kDa) proved far superior to smaller PEG chain reporters due to reduced inhomogeneities and longer T\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , upon employing either a\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C\u2010HQMC filter or a STEAM\u2010based diffusion filter.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.70345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T03:24:36Z","timestamp":1782530676000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vivo Quantitative Detection of PEGylated Macromolecules by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4409-0461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Advait","family":"Hasabnis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry; Chemical and Physical Sciences, UTM University of Toronto  Mississauga Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Chia","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry; Chemical and Physical Sciences, UTM University of Toronto  Mississauga Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohan","family":"Alvares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry; Chemical and Physical Sciences, UTM University of Toronto  Mississauga Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Downes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National High Magnetic Field Laboratory University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huadong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National High Magnetic Field Laboratory University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna R.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National High Magnetic Field Laboratory University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9351-178X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert S.","family":"Prosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry; Chemical and Physical Sciences, UTM University of Toronto  Mississauga Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920021503140412212905"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11051434"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21299"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000463"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2018.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/12_2011_154"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920012798356934"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2015.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867329666220929152644"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201820666230621124953"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26237"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28910"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20102364(84)90227\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20102364(83)90207\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0142\u20109612(03)00419\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600830432"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh089"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1695690"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010025\u201012033\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1673336"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.566643"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims\u201020\u2010871"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268523"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20102364(85)90111\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00060"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4056"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29157"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1522\u20102594(199904)41:4<649::aid\u2010mrm2>3.0.co;2\u2010g"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4343"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4149\/gpb_2012_007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnmrs.2014.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","volume-title":"In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy: Principles and Techniques [Internet]","author":"De Graaf R. 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