{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T06:24:48Z","timestamp":1787207088889,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG072490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG072490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS118019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS118019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1AG072490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1AG072490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1NS139370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1NS139370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"BrightFocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A20201411S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A20201411S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Arterial spin labeling (ASL) has been used for perfusion imaging and non\u2010contrast enhanced dynamic MR angiography (MRA), and both have become favorable for clinical diagnosis and treatment planning of cerebrovascular diseases. Separate sequences are typically required to obtain brain vascular hemodynamics and downstream perfusion information. However, concurrent dynamic MRA and perfusion imaging within a single acquisition can provide spatially co\u2010registered macrovascular and microvascular maps to enhance diagnostic confidence and efficiency. In this work, we developed a dual\u2010module ASL technique to concurrently obtain four\u2010dimensional (4D) MRA and cerebral perfusion images from a single scan. Specifically, pseudo\u2010continuous ASL (pCASL) and pulsed ASL (PASL) modules were integrated and encoded with a 3D stack\u2010of\u2010stars golden\u2010angle radial acquisition. 4D MRA and perfusion contrasts were generated through pair\u2010wise subtractions. Sparsity\u2010constrained image reconstruction was used in generating 4D MRA and perfusion images from different portions of radial k\u2010space data. Both numerical simulationsL. \u00a0and in\u00a0vivo experiments were performed to demonstrate technical feasibility. Both time\u2010resolved MRA with high spatiotemporal resolution and perfusion\u2010weighted images with good contrast were successfully obtained from a single scan using the proposed dual\u2010module ASL technique. The performance of the proposed technique was compared against the reference 4D MRA technique in terms of vascular delineation and blood flow dynamics, and the conventional pCASL perfusion imaging with 3D GRASE for cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement. The dual\u2010module ASL showed comparable performance in depicting arterial blood flow dynamics and gray matter CBF quantification (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.73) to the reference 4D MRA and 3D GRASE pCASL, respectively. These results indicate the feasibility of the proposed technique for concurrent 4D MRA and perfusion imaging from a single scan, which could be a potentially powerful imaging tool for the detailed characterization of dynamic blood flow patterns through the cerebrovascular structure and downstream perfusion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.70359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T04:16:10Z","timestamp":1784780170000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Concurrent Four\u2010Dimensional Dynamic MRA and Perfusion Imaging Using Dual\u2010Module Arterial Spin Labeling MRI With Stack\u2010Of\u2010Stars Golden\u2010Angle Radial Acquisition"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0889-5629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianrui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Moum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yining","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaz","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Ann &amp; Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Shaibani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Ann &amp; Robert H. 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