{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:03:13Z","timestamp":1789639393877,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Perfusion MRI, especially dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC), is vital for glioma diagnosis and monitoring. While gradient\u2010echo DSC is the current recommended implementation, combined spin\u2010 and gradient\u2010echo (SAGE) DSC additionally allows for vessel size imaging (VSI) and has shown feasibility for microvascular characterization at 3\u2009T. Higher field strength MRI offers increased contrast, resolution and signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio, providing potential to improve microvascular characterization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This feasibility study aimed to implement a protocol for SAGE\u2010DSC at 7\u2009T and study its potential for microvascular characterization. SAGE\u2010DSC was acquired in eight patients undergoing treatment for glioma (four females, median age 57\u2009years) at 3 and 7\u2009T. Data were analyzed using the temporal signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (tSNR) and contrast\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (CNR) and by comparing perfusion maps, VSI and vascular architectural imaging (VAI). Simulations were performed to study the relationship between vessel size and  for SAGE\u2010DSC at 3 and 7\u2009T.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Contrast agent dosage could be reduced while maintaining higher CNR at 7\u2009T (but lower tSNR). Assessment by an experienced neuroradiologist showed similar rCBV map quality at 3 and 7\u2009T. VSI maps showed the same normal\u2010appearing gray\u2010to\u2010white matter ratios while in\u2010plane resolution improved at least 52% at 7\u2009T. VAI hysteresis loops at both field strengths traversed the same counter\u2010clockwise direction, with increased loop areas reflecting increased susceptibility effects at 7\u2009T. Simulations confirmed the higher sensitivity of gradient\u2010echo and the higher specificity of spin\u2010echo to the microvasculature, with peak spin\u2010echo specificity moving from 3\u2009\u03bcm at 3\u2009T towards 1.5\u2009\u03bcm at 7\u2009T.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This study confirmed the feasibility of using SAGE\u2010DSC at 7\u2009T for microvascular characterization. rCBV and VSI maps show similar behavior while allowing for reduced contrast agent dosage and improved resolution. The spin\u2010echo specificity shifted towards smaller vessel radii for increasing field strengths. These findings form the basis for exploration and validation in larger patient populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.70380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:22:32Z","timestamp":1788412952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feasibility of Spin\u2010 and Gradient\u2010Echo Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast MRI for Microvascular Characterization at 7 Tesla"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1023-9204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen N.","family":"van der Werff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"TU Delft Department of Imaging Physics  Delft the Netherlands"},{"name":"Medical Delta  Delft the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7535-8072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dani\u00eblle","family":"van Dorth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C. J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnapriya","family":"Venugopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3196-1416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther A. H.","family":"Warnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Brain Tumor Center Erasmus MC Cancer Institute  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0656-2963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk H. J.","family":"Poot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8688-9546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frans M.","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"TU Delft Department of Imaging Physics  Delft the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5563-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Smits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Medical Delta  Delft the Netherlands"},{"name":"Brain Tumor Center Erasmus MC Cancer Institute  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4449-6784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Chad","family":"Quarles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Systems Imaging University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0027-9518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan A.","family":"Hernandez\u2010Tamames","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"TU Delft Department of Imaging Physics  Delft the Netherlands"},{"name":"Brain Tumor Center Erasmus MC Cancer Institute  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3648-9616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan A. 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