{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:51:57Z","timestamp":1791175917524,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n The value of exercise cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has been shown in many clinical scenarios. We have developed a novel MR\u2010compatible exercise device and aim to validate it against the reference standard MR\u2010conventional ergometer. The novel device consisted of two half\u2010pipes fixed to a wooden base, with participants wearing knee\u2010length socks with a 0.5 kg weight in each sock. Increased workload was achieved by increasing the rate of alternating leg flexion and extension in time with a bleep sound of increasing frequency. Twenty subjects (10 healthy volunteers, 10 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension) performed two CMR\u2010augmented cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CMR\/CPET) using the novel exercise device and a conventional ergometer in a randomised order. Comparing peak metrics elicited on both exercise devices, there was a moderate correlation in peak oxygen consumption (VO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.86,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), cardiac output (CO,\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.73,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), stroke volume (SV,\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.90,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), peak heart rate (HR,\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.65,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002) and peak arteriovenous oxygen content gradient (\u0394avO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.71,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). However, all metrics were significantly lower with the novel device. Both devices were able to elicit statistically significant differences in VO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , HR and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) between patients and healthy subjects (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009\u2264\u20090.04). We have created a simple, easy to use and affordable exercise device for the CMR environment. This may encourage greater dissemination of exercise CMR in clinical and research practice.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.70412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:17:44Z","timestamp":1791173864000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation of a Novel, Low\u2010Cost, Portable MRI\u2010Compatible Exercise Device in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3988-9066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruta","family":"Virsinskaite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Pulmonary Hypertension Service Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust London UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac MRI Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust London UK"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1541-4081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James T.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Pulmonary Hypertension Service Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust London UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac MRI Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust London UK"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tushar","family":"Kotecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Pulmonary Hypertension Service Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust London UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac MRI Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust London UK"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren","family":"Bower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Department Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9792-2022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Steeden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Montalt\u2010Tordera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7854-4150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Jaubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac MRI Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust London UK"},{"name":"Division of Medicine University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3424-5888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Gerry","family":"Coghlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Pulmonary Hypertension Service Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0512-3961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Pulmonary Hypertension Service Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust London UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac MRI Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust London UK"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4292-6456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivek","family":"Muthurangu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-020-00652-w","article-title":"Exercise Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Development, Current Utility and Future Applications","volume":"22","author":"Craven T. 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E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-15-96","article-title":"Moderate Intensity Supine Exercise Causes Decreased Cardiac Volumes and Increased Outer Volume Variations: A Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Study","volume":"15","author":"Steding\u2010Ehrenborg K.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-021-00817-1","article-title":"Reduced Exercise Capacity in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis Is Associated With Lower Peak Tissue Oxygen Extraction: A Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance\u2010Augmented Cardiopulmonary Exercise Study","volume":"23","author":"Brown J. 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T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29374","article-title":"FReSCO: Flow Reconstruction and Segmentation for Low\u2010Latency Cardiac Output Monitoring Using Deep Artifact Suppression and Segmentation","volume":"88","author":"Jaubert O.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27480","article-title":"Real\u2010Time Cardiovascular MR With Spatio\u2010Temporal Artifact Suppression Using Deep Learning\u2010Proof of Concept in Congenital Heart Disease","volume":"81","author":"Hauptmann A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-004-1014-6","article-title":"OsiriX: An Open\u2010Source Software for Navigating in Multidimensional DICOM Images","volume":"17","author":"Rosset A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Digital Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-020-0598-4","article-title":"The Application of Exercise Stress Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Patients With Suspected Dilated Cardiomyopathy","volume":"22","author":"Le T. 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A Critical Review","volume":"1","author":"Shephard R. J.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeac120","article-title":"Distinct Cardiovascular Phenotypes Are Associated With Prognosis in Systemic Sclerosis: A Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Study","volume":"24","author":"Knight D. S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt-20-479","article-title":"Mechanics of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction","volume":"10","author":"Bernardo R. J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jead147","article-title":"The Primary Cardiomyopathy of Systemic Sclerosis on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"24","author":"Chhikara S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging"}],"container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nbm.70412","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/nbm.70412","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nbm.70412","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:17:47Z","timestamp":1791173867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nbm.70412"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nbm.70412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nbm.70412","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-3480","1099-1492"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-3480","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1492","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70412"}}