{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T00:52:04Z","timestamp":1790988724925,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,8]],"date-time":"2006-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1139356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>NMR provides a non\u2010invasive tool for the phenotypic characterisation of mouse models. The aim of the present study was to apply reliable <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> MRS techniques for non\u2010invasive investigations of brain development in normal and transgenic mice, by monitoring metabolite concentrations in different brain regions. The conditions of anaesthesia, immobilisation and respiratory monitoring were optimized to carry out <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> MRS studies in young mice. All the experiments were performed in normal mice, at 9.4\u2009T, applying a point\u2010resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence (<jats:italic>TR<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092000\u2009ms; <jats:italic>TE<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009130\u2009ms). We obtained reproducible <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H NMR spectra of wild\u2010type mouse brains as early as post\u2010natal day 5, which allowed us to follow brain maturation variations from post\u2010natal days 5 to 21. The survival rate of animals was between 66 and 90% at post\u2010natal days 5 and 21, respectively. Developmental changes of metabolite concentrations were measured in three brain regions: the thalamus, a region rich in cell bodies, the olfactory bulb, rich in fibre tracts actively myelinated during brain maturation, and the cerebellum. The voxel size varied from 2 to 8 \u00b5L according to the size of the brain structure analysed. The absolute concentrations of the total creatine, taurine, total choline, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylaspartate and of the glutamate\/glutamine pool were determined from <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H NMR spectra obtained in the different brain regions at post\u2010natal day 5, 10, 15 and 21. Variations observed during brain development were in accordance with those previously reported in mice using <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> MRS studies, and also in rats and humans <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Possibilities of longitudinal MRS analysis in maturing mice brains provide new perspectives to characterise better the tremendous number of transgenic mutant mice generated with the aim of decrypting the complexity of brain development and neurodegenerative diseases but also to follow the impact of environmental and therapeutic factors. Copyright \u00a9 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,9]],"date-time":"2006-02-09T18:28:27Z","timestamp":1139509707000},"page":"180-187","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Proton MRS of early post\u2010natal mouse brain modifications <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Pierre","family":"Larvaron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Bielicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odile","family":"Boespflug\u2010Tanguy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Pierre","family":"Renou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.22.1.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/0924\u20133860(200012)38:5;1\u2013H;FT309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199910000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"191","article-title":"Clinical applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"10","author":"Ross B","year":"1994","journal-title":"Magn. 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