{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:37:43Z","timestamp":1792111063349,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nut in Clin Prac"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In July 2018, an intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) composed of 100% fish oil (Omegaven, Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany) received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval as a source of fatty acids and calories for infants and children with parenteral nutrition\u2013associated cholestasis. This soy\u2010free fat source is rich in \u03c9\u20103 fatty acids and\u00a0\u03b1\u2010tocopherol and contains few phytosterols. In comparison to conventional soybean oil ILE, this emulsion appears to be less hepatotoxic. The purpose of this paper is to guide the practitioner on the use of this alternative fat source in clinical practice and augment the material contained in the current package insert. This paper addresses various topics including the identification of which patients would benefit from fish oil ILE, dosing, administration, monitoring, potential adverse effects, and management strategies for fish oil ILE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T03:11:39Z","timestamp":1569294699000},"page":"108-118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Use of Fish Oil Intravenous Lipid Emulsions as Monotherapy in the Pediatric Intestinal Failure Patient: Beyond the Package Insert"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0431-896X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Gura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology &amp; Nutrition Boston Children's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kara L.","family":"Calkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology David Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7941-2926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Puder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology Program Boston Children's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2005.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2662"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533616662996"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000484"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211686"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.200600012"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2009.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2016.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2012.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.113.004671"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181b36657"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607109332772"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1463"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000358267"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5500\/wjt.v2.i6.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.08.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2007.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000493"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2010.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.137083"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607113492549"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.204974"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2019.0034"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_29_1","unstructured":"Omegaven [Product Information] Bad Homburg VDH Germany Fresenius Kabi AG September 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2248"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607112450301"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0115426507022006664"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000153672.43030.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607116661031"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_4_35_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Essential fatty acid deficiency in the rat. I. Clinical syndrome, histopathology, and hematopathology","volume":"23","author":"Hoilund LJ","year":"1970","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026683214681"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2008.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_38_1","unstructured":"Omegaven (fish oil triglycerides) injectable emulsion for intravenous use [package insert]. Freseius Kabi Graz Austria July 27 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01486071040280S601"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir138"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533617719671"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_42_1","unstructured":"Internal data. Fresenius Kabi. Letter on file July 25 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1311"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.2001.3170"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/70.3.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/25.9.897"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/33.10.1869"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2018.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607115595977"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2016.1151528"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/90.2.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80568-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533610373770"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2005.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi015770h"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M200282-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2008.10719743"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.10.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2016.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451300425X"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2010.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.008557"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533612469989"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941406413513461"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_4_69_1","first-page":"156","article-title":"Fish oil and cod liver as safe and healthy food supplements","volume":"30","author":"Smutna M","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1532"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607116640275"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607112450735"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607116633796"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607109332773"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_76_1","unstructured":"United Network for Organ Sharing:http:\/\/www.unos.org\/. Accessed June 16 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1602650"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz110"}],"container-title":["Nutrition in Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fncp.10413","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ncp.10413","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:16:31Z","timestamp":1760955391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ncp.10413"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ncp.10413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ncp.10413","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-5336","1941-2452"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-5336","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-2452","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}