{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:23:45Z","timestamp":1760955825326,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nut in Clin Prac"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cleansing and storage practices for reusable feeding tube stylets are varied and lack consensus guidelines. Almost 40% of critical care nurses do not cleanse reusable stylets. Our proof\u2010of\u2010concept study aimed to identify potential microbial contamination of stylets before and after cleansing with 70% isopropyl alcohol to establish practice standards.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective, exploratory pilot study sampled reusable feeding tube stylets using three different stylet sample sets. Set 1 included human participant stylets sampled for microbiome profile precleansing, and postcleansing and reinsertion into feeding tubes (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094). Sets 2 and 3 included stylets stored at the bedside. Set 2 included precleansed stylets for microbiome profiles (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095). Set 3 included precleansed and postcleansed stylets sampled for quantitative cultures (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095). Careful handling and storage protocols were used. Microbiome profiling used 16s ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial species identified on stylets were primarily common microflora and opportunistic pathogens, including <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas fulva<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cutibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Prevotella melaninogenica<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus paracasei<\/jats:italic>. Microbiological culturing of stylet samples (set 3) did not yield growth for 9\/10 samples; <jats:italic>Staphylococcus capitis<\/jats:italic> was identified in one postcleansed sample. Mean bacterial species diversity (alpha diversity) decreased following alcohol cleansing (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.54 pre, <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.5 post; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The abundance of several potentially opportunistic pathogens indicated plausible risk for gut contamination secondary to reinsertion of stylets into small\u2010bore feeding tubes. Stylet cleansing with 70% isopropyl alcohol reduced bacterial burden on the stylets, although viability was unknown. Careful cleansing, handling, and storage protocols for reusable stylets are necessary to minimize contamination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T21:18:22Z","timestamp":1660943902000},"page":"411-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microbiome profile informs cleansing and storage practices for reusable feeding tube stylets in critical care"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7679-5661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annette M.","family":"Bourgault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Health Science Center, College of Nursing University of Central Florida Orlando Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chirajyoti","family":"Deb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine Research, Translational Research and Specialty Diagnostic Laboratory Orlando Health Orlando Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lillian","family":"Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma\/Burn Critical Care Orlando Regional Medical Center, a part of Orlando Health Orlando Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Data Science University of Central Florida Orlando Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly Paige","family":"Rathbun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Health Science Center, College of Nursing University of Central Florida Orlando Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Lou","family":"Sole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Health Science Center, College of Nursing University of Central Florida Orlando Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-018-0950-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health","volume":"361","author":"Valdes AM","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28048-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-018-1178-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607116673053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533616680840"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(99)00229-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.775014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiz039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00434"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00427-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10574"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Avanos Inc.M. Cortrak 2 Enteral Access System Operating and Troubleshooting Tips.Avanos Inc;2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2019170"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCC.0000000000000440"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"Corpak MedSystems Inc.Cortrak 2 Enteral Access System (EAS). Electromagnetic Transmitting Stylet and Corflo Anti\u2010IV Feeding Tube.Corpak MedSystems Inc;2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2020744"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2008.17.6.512"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001755"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00386-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9598210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9020303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-243936"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7050126"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Micrococcus luteus: a putative cause of hepatic abscess?","volume":"42","author":"Andreopoulos T","year":"2000","journal-title":"Panminerva Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9010010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-13-345"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"2686","volume-title":"Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","author":"Araos R","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61114-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000424"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607106030006519"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08719-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-277X.1998.00087.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-035677"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5268-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","unstructured":"RutalaWA WeberDJ.Guideline for disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. May 2019.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/infectioncontrol\/guidelines\/disinfection\/. Accessed June 8 2022."},{"volume-title":"Mosby's Nursing Skills: Feeding Tube: Small\u2010Bore Insertion, Care, and Removal","year":"2018","author":"Mosby","key":"e_1_2_10_44_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","first-page":"1227","volume-title":"American Association of Critical\u2010Care Nurses, ed. AACN Procedure Manual for High Acuity, Progressive, and Critical Care","author":"Gilbert KA","year":"2017"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Getting started with microbiome analysis: sample acquisition to bioinformatics","volume":"82","author":"Kumar R","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607115621863"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) PHS.CORTRAK Enteral Access Device approval letter K091637. September 8 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2020247"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533614562841"}],"container-title":["Nutrition in Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ncp.10904","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ncp.10904","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ncp.10904","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T08:58:40Z","timestamp":1760950720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ncp.10904"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ncp.10904"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ncp.10904","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-5336","1941-2452"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0884-5336"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1941-2452"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}