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In this article, we review the importance, etiology, anatomy, diagnosis, nutrition and immunologic effects, and options for treatment of chylothorax and chylous ascites based on experience and prior literature. We propose a multidisciplinary approach to optimize these treatments including the primary surgical teams, pharmacists, and dietitians, with reoperation as a last resort to minimize the morbidity of this challenging complication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T04:58:22Z","timestamp":1679288302000},"page":"557-563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Chylothorax and chylous ascites: Overview, management, and nutrition"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1467-0254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas T.","family":"Duletzke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Oregon Health and Science University  Oregon Portland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laszlo N.","family":"Kiraly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Oregon Health and Science University  Oregon Portland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9159-4486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert G.","family":"Martindale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Oregon Health and Science University  Oregon Portland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2011.10.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2017.00035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800791110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8040466"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.01.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e31822891f8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7922-6-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-04418-9.50037-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2016.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2011.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1673.1999.00728.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199909000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-017-1856-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2020200044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2016.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"Thoracic duct leak","author":"Bojanapu S","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)69064-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"607","article-title":"The application of nutrition support in conservative treatment of chylous ascites after abdominal surgery","volume":"12","author":"Pan W","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2004.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"Huntsman Cancer Institute.Chyle Leak Nutrition Therapy. 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