{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T15:20:41Z","timestamp":1781968841015,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nut in Clin Prac"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The feeding problems of preterm infants often persist after neonatal intensive care unit discharge. Further evidence on the feeding problems preterm infants experience after hospital discharge is needed to better serve this vulnerable population. This study aimed to identify infant\u2010related factors associated with bottle\u2010feeding problems in preterm infants before the age of 7 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This descriptive and cross\u2010sectional study included 338 mothers of preterm infants younger than 7 months of corrected age between April 2023 and April 2024. Mothers completed a survey that included infant and mother information form and Turkish version of the NeoEAT\u2013Bottle\u2010feeding assessment tool.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Very and moderately preterm infants exhibited more problematic feeding symptoms according to NeoEAT\u2013Bottle\u2010feeding total scale and all subscale scores compared with late preterm infants (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Gestational age at birth was negatively correlated with NeoEAT\u2013Bottle\u2010feeding total scores (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). Additionally, preterm infants with a diagnosed feeding problem had higher NeoEAT\u2013Bottle\u2010feeding total and subscale scores than those without (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). In the multivariate regression analysis, very preterm status and presence of gastroesophageal reflux were predictors of higher NeoEAT\u2013Bottle\u2010feeding total and all subscale scores (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and moderately preterm status was associated with higher NeoEAT\u2013Bottle\u2010feeding total (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.036) and infant regulation subscale scores (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Very preterm and moderate preterm birth, gastroesophageal reflux, and diagnosed feeding disorders were associated with problematic feeding. Identifying preterm infants who have difficulty with bottle feeding can guide primary care interventions or referral to specialists to achieve more favorable long\u2010term outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.11294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T10:20:11Z","timestamp":1744280411000},"page":"909-921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors associated with feeding problems in bottle\u2010fed preterm infants: A descriptive cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9272-3561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duygu","family":"G\u00f6zen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Ko\u00e7 University Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Semahat Arsel Nursing Education, Practice and Research Center Ko\u00e7 University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2601-8781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burcu Aykanat","family":"Girgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing Health Sciences University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8016-2370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britt Frisk","family":"Pados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infant Feeding Care Wellesley Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabiha","family":"\u00c7a\u011flayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medipol Global International Health Services Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"\u00c7ar\u0131k\u00e7\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vocational School of Health Sciences Yeni Y\u00fczy\u0131l University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8121158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnn.2018.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1599105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000537"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.256"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02574-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmac017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000864"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.843023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794X20952688","article-title":"Bottle\u2010feeding challenges in preterm\u2010born infants in the first 7\u2009months of life","volume":"7","author":"Hill RR","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob Pediatr Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-020-0616-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.07.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.121061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922819839234"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Bottlefeeding the breastfed infant in the neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"13","author":"McGrath JM","year":"2013","journal-title":"NAINR"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2020.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000494"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.36.6.359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","volume-title":"G* Power (Version 3.1. 9.2)","author":"Faul F","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/nr.23.5.21.s5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0144.5832"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33546\/bnj.2107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2022.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241769"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2013.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/pm-20-100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Preterm birth. Accessed June 12 2024.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/preterm-birth"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","volume-title":"Reliability and Validity in Social and Behavioral Measurements","author":"\u015eencan H","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-2575"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.109603"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2022.105647"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00548.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NNR.0000289498.99542.dd"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2014.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2020.105202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2000.tb00078.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12393"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12730"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13467"}],"container-title":["Nutrition in Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ncp.11294","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T14:07:10Z","timestamp":1760969230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ncp.11294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ncp.11294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ncp.11294","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-5336","1941-2452"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-5336","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-2452","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}