{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:22:58Z","timestamp":1792664578314,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nut in Clin Prac"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined the overlap of sarcopenic obesity and malnutrition using the 2025 Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and their impact on geriatric outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross\u2010sectional study, 264 geriatric outpatients (body mass index [BMI]\u2009\u2265\u200925\u2009kg\/m\u00b2) were assessed. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were diagnosed using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 and the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) consensus definitions. Malnutrition was diagnosed using the GLIM criteria, applied regardless of their Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA\u2010SF) results to detect overlooked cases. Outcomes included frailty, disability, incontinence, and falls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sarcopenic obesity prevalence was 15.9%, and GLIM\u2010defined malnutrition was 30.3%. More than half (58.8%) of patients with GLIM\u2010defined malnutrition were not at risk per the MNA\u2010SF. In patients without MNA\u2010defined malnutrition risk, GLIM malnutrition was more frequent in patients with sarcopenic obesity than without (42.9% vs 18.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). The co\u2010occurrence of sarcopenic obesity and GLIM\u2010defined malnutrition showed a synergistic effect on frailty (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20095.11) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living disability (OR\u2009=\u20093.74), independent of age and comorbidity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Standard tools like the MNA\u2010SF markedly underdetect malnutrition in older adults with BMI\u2009\u2265\u200925\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , including those with sarcopenic obesity. Because GLIM's two\u2010step process depends on initial screening, many patients at risk may not proceed to full GLIM assessment. Our findings demonstrate that GLIM, supported by body composition analysis, more accurately identifies malnutrition and highlights the added harm of coexisting sarcopenic obesity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.70086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T12:16:56Z","timestamp":1767010616000},"page":"799-810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Malnutrition by GLIM and its overlap with sarcopenic obesity in older adults with elevated body mass index: A retrospective cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6447-2352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma Ozge","family":"Kayhan Kocak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Izmir Tepecik Education and Research 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