{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:01:44Z","timestamp":1790708504977,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nut in Clin Prac"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main aim of this study was to compare the costs of using standardized parenteral nutrition (PN) bags versus individualized PN bags for very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A micro\u2010costing analysis was conducted from November 1, 2022 through October 31, 2023 on both individualized and standard PN bags.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the analysis period, 660 individual bags and 3700 standard bags were used. The average cost per individualized PN bag versus standardized bag was $160.92 versus $62.92 respectively. Standard bags were found to be 60.9% more cost\u2010effective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study concluded that standard PN bags are more cost\u2010effective for very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight preterm patients. These findings support the potential shift towards using standardized PN in hospitals to manage resources effectively. Pharmacists can utilize these results to promote guideline\u2010based use of standardized PN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.70123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T10:06:47Z","timestamp":1776334007000},"page":"1485-1490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A micro\u2010costing analysis of standardized versus individualized parenteral nutrition in preterm neonates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9092-6588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Castellana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino Torino Piemonte Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Torino, University of Turin Turin Piemonte Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Coscia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Torino, University of Turin Turin Piemonte Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Limone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Torino Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino Torino Piemonte Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampiero","family":"Vaudano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Pediatrics Torino University of Turin Turin Piemonte Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Francesca","family":"Campagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Torino Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino Torino Piemonte Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rachele","family":"Chiappetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino Torino Piemonte Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-006-0124-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051224"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Neonatal Parenteral Nutrition","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Neonatal Parenteral Nutrition","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607107031005441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.06.955"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"YiLX KeatCH RusliHA KuanTH XinLL.Comparing the Cost of Standardised and Individualised Parenteral Nutrition in Clinically Stable Infants in a Malaysian Public Hospital.2019;2.https:\/\/research.pharmacy.gov.my\/system\/files\/PRR2pp.14-20.pdf(last consultation June 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-020-02195-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"EUROPEAN COMMISSION. GUIDELINES. The Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European Union Volume 4 EU Guidelines for Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products for Human and Veterinary Use. 22.8.2022. Annex 1 Manufacture of Sterile Medicinal Products.https:\/\/health.ec.europa.eu\/system\/files\/2022-08\/20220825_gmp-an1_en_0.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Price list of specialist services of the Piedmont Region.https:\/\/www.regione.piemonte.it\/web\/sites\/default\/files\/media\/documenti\/2018-10\/tariffario_prestazioni_specialistiche_rp.pdf(last consultation June 2024)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"RiskinA ShiffY ShamirR. Parenteral nutrition in neonatology\u2010\u2010to standardize or individualize? Isr Med Assoc J. 2006 Sep;8(9):641\u20105."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"497","article-title":"Standard versus individualized parenteral nutrition in extremely preterm infants: an observational study","volume":"65","author":"Ferrante A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatrica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Neonatal parenteral nutrition. NICE guideline. February 26 2020. 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