{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T05:57:52Z","timestamp":1785391072556,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nut in Clin Prac"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are closely associated with malnutrition and impaired growth. This study assessed growth patterns and identified risk factors for malnutrition in children with CHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective cohort study included 3838 children with CHD who underwent corrective intervention. For long\u2010term growth analysis, 966 children aged &lt;12 years with a minimum 2 years follow\u2010up were included. Nutritional status was evaluated using World Health Organization (WHO)\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010scores standards. Wasting was determined from Body Mass Index\u2010for\u2010Age (BAZ), underweight from Weight\u2010for\u2010Age (WAZ), and stunting from Height\u2010for\u2010Age (HAZ) (\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010score\u2009&lt;\u2009\u22122). Growth trends were assessed across age groups and CHD subtypes. Logistic regression was performed to identify pre and post\u2010interventional risk factors of malnutrition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At baseline, 53.6% of children were underweight, 45.0% stunted, and 39.9% wasted. Significant post\u2010intervention catch\u2010up growth was observed, particularly for HAZ during follow\u2010up (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), indicating sustained linear growth recovery with the greatest improvement seen among infants (0\u20131 year) in BAZ and WAZ. Subtype analysis showed sustained improvement in ventricular septal defect (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Pre\u2010intervention malnutrition was significantly associated with frequent fainting (syncope), paternal addiction, low socioeconomic status, and cyanosis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Younger age at intervention was associated with higher odds of persistent early post\u2010interventional malnutrition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Malnutrition is highly prevalent among Indian children with CHD but improves substantially following early corrective intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.70163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T04:58:42Z","timestamp":1785387522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal changes in BMI and growth with nutritional determinants in children with congenital heart disease: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Adarsh Kumar","family":"Shukla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomics Research Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Research Centre Palwal Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomics Research Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Research Centre Palwal Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anagha","family":"Tulsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani International Centre for Child Heart Care &amp; Research Palwal Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amita","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia and Cardiac Care Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani International Centre for Child Heart Care &amp; Research Palwal Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paramvir","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani International Centre for Child Heart Care &amp; Research Palwal Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4695-9490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prachi","family":"Kukshal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomics Research Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Research Centre Palwal Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1258725","article-title":"Risk factors of malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang C","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"Hematological profile of congenital heart disease patients undergoing surgical correction: a case\u2013control observational study from North India","volume":"8","author":"Ahamad S","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Card Crit Care TSS"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"541","article-title":"Malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) determinants and short term impact of corrective intervention","volume":"45","author":"Vaidyanathan B","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0b013e32835dd005","article-title":"Nutrition and growth in congenital heart disease: a challenge in children","volume":"28","author":"Medoff\u2010Cooper B","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"issue":"34","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2025.40.e254","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in very low birth weight infants with congenital anomalies over three years","volume":"40","author":"Kim TH","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1167460","article-title":"Associated factors of undernutrition in children with congenital heart disease: a cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Ruan X","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02124-7","article-title":"Risk factors of malnutrition in Chinese children with congenital heart defect","volume":"20","author":"Zhang M","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.644030","article-title":"Assessment of nutritional status of children with congenital heart disease: a comparative study","volume":"8","author":"Chinawa AT","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"Levels and trends in child malnutrition. UNICEF\/WHO\/World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates: key Findings of the 2025 Edition. 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