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NAIS and HIE induce an innate immune response that involves the recruitment of peripheral immune cells, including monocytes, into the brain. Monocytes and monocyte\u2010derived cells have the potential to contribute to both harmful and beneficial pathophysiological processes, such as neuroinflammation and brain repair, but their roles in NAIS and HIE remain poorly understood. Furthermore, recent evidence indicates that monocyte\u2010derived macrophages can persist in the brain for several months following NAIS and HIE in mice, with possible long\u2010lasting consequences that are still unknown. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of monocyte infiltration and their potential functions in the ischemic brain, focusing on HIE and NAIS. Therapeutic strategies targeting monocytes and the possibility of using monocytes for cell\u2010based therapies are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nep3.22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T03:09:32Z","timestamp":1691636972000},"page":"66-79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Monocytes in neonatal stroke and hypoxic\u2010ischemic encephalopathy: Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic possibilities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2414-3386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro M.","family":"Pimentel\u2010Coelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 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