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However, the effectiveness of NPs in delivering drugs to the brain for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) is limited by the BBB. A recent breakthrough in nanotechnology delivery systems involves the use of surface\u2010modified polymer NPs that enhance drug absorption and transport across the BBB; however, the technology still has some limitations. Studies conducted over the past few years have demonstrated that NPs modified with peptides or proteins can effectively cross the BBB via specific receptors, thus enhancing their delivery efficiency. In this review, we explore the use of polymer NPs combined with peptides and proteins for the treatment of AD and PD. This discussion focuses on the pathophysiology of these diseases, the BBB, and the potential of therapeutics based on co\u2010modifying NPs with peptides and proteins. 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