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Growing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota and its metabolites directly or indirectly regulate host health. According to recent studies, bacterial dysbiosis in the gut is closely linked to several central nervous system disorders that cause neuroinflammation, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, sepsis\u2010associated encephalopathy, and ischemic stroke. Recent findings indicate a bidirectional communication network between the gut microbiota and central nervous system that influences neuroinflammation and cognitive function. Dysregulation of this system can affect the generation of cytotoxic metabolites, promote neuroinflammation, and impair cognition. This review explores the lesser\u2010studied microbiota\u2010derived metabolites involved in neuroinflammation\u2014bile acids, trimethylamine\u2010N\u2010oxide, and indole derivatives\u2014as targets for creating new treatment tools for neuroinflammatory illnesses, as well as possible biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nep3.70001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T06:51:34Z","timestamp":1742021494000},"page":"131-144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The role of gut microbiota\u2010derived metabolites in neuroinflammation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Lingjie","family":"Mu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Unit The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan 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