{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:50:02Z","timestamp":1782467402897,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013263","name":"Nasjonalforeningen for Folkehelsen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroprotection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with motor and non\u2010motor symptoms, driven by dopaminergic loss and \u03b1\u2010synuclein accumulation. Beyond neurodegeneration, growing evidence highlights skeletal muscle health as a key determinant of prognosis, with sarcopenia and frailty contributing to greater disability, fall risk, and reduced quality of life. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the interplay among exercise, muscle status, and exerkine signaling in PD, emphasizing their potential roles in neuroprotection and functional outcomes. A comprehensive literature search in PubMed and SciELO up to October 2025 identified 129 relevant studies, including experimental, observational, and interventional data. Sarcopenia and reduced muscle strength are highly prevalent in PD and independently associated with disease severity, frailty, and falls, while grip strength has emerged as a simple biomarker of progression. Clinical trials consistently show that aerobic, resistance, and multimodal exercise programs improve gait, balance, mood, cognition, and quality of life, with progressive resistance and balance training yielding the greatest motor benefits. At a mechanistic level, skeletal muscle functions as an active endocrine organ, releasing a variety of exercise\u2010induced signaling molecules known as exerkines. These include brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 (IGF\u20101), irisin, cathepsin B, myostatin, and growth\/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). Together, these exerkines facilitate muscle\u2013brain crosstalk and are thought to contribute to the neuroprotective effects of exercise in PD. Through anti\u2010inflammatory, antioxidant, and mitochondrial regulatory pathways, they support dopaminergic neuron survival and promote synaptic plasticity and neuronal resilience. Current international guidelines recommend individualized, multimodal programs integrating aerobic, resistance, and balance training, initiated early and maintained long\u2010term. Exercise represents a promising, nonpharmacological intervention to mitigate neurodegeneration, sarcopenia, and functional decline in PD, although further high\u2010quality studies are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nep3.70032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:53:10Z","timestamp":1772985190000},"page":"99-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exercise, exerkines, and muscle\u2013brain crosstalk in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9488-8868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salom\u00f3n","family":"P\u00e1ez\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Semillero de Neurociencias y Envejecimiento, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3156-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semillero de Neurociencias y Envejecimiento, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1306-182X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Cuevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semillero de Neurociencias y Envejecimiento, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6916-3210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Valverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semillero de Neurociencias y Envejecimiento, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9161-6039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6220-7310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"O'Hara\u2010Veintimilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychogeriatric Unit, Cl\u00ednica Josefina Arregui Alsasua Navarra Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5962-772X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Cruz","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Oroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5832-0603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Germ\u00e1n","family":"Borda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Age\u2010Related Medicine (SESAM) Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2401857"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Prescripci\u00f3n de ejercicio f\u00edsico. El programa Vivifrail como modelo","volume":"36","author":"Izquierdo M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jfa.2024.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2024.112568"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.01.084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00641-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14101241"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12091975"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107913"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1221653"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-01113-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2024.048776"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2022.103784"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-023-03806-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01248-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2204835119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413480"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","article-title":"The Parkinson's disease risk gene cathepsin B promotes fibrillar alpha\u2010synuclein clearance, lysosomal function and glucocerebrosidase activity in dopaminergic neurons","author":"Jones\u2010Tabah J","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.383-389"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00951"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1505879"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP288170"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13603"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12069"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2012.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2020.102360"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","first-page":"1264","article-title":"Effects of resistance exercise on neuroprotective factors in middle and late life: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"14","author":"Rodriguez\u2010Gutierrez E","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2008.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3937842"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2019-0453"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8235809"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","first-page":"524","article-title":"The effect of exercise interventions on irisin level: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"21","author":"Mohammad Rahimi GR","year":"2022","journal-title":"EXCLI J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932997"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12904"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_76_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1437"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121367"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2023.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251907"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.895512"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114272"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-019-04180-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181e0b9a8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21309-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.550102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2017.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12081761"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150552"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.175752"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07835-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2022.136735"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-06490-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2023.103555"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1380483"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14050482"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12631"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.116616"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000477349"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2025.156272"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-07007-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296282"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13263"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004691"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00587-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000421"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04601-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00810-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001534"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2025.100776"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00154"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2009.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-018-0828-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-012-0012-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000492572"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2023.2190246"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227238"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2015.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glad029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddac047"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14030194"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-08850-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/59.7.592"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/Neuroscience.2024028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S231359"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30285-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S1013702520500055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293826"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","article-title":"Physical exercise for people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta\u2010analysis","volume":"2024","author":"Ernst M","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2024.0328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2022.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26291"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16050880"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561771600076X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000644"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26291"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332-024-01197-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1411584"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01612-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1725133"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13158962"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30406-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta20630"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1205386"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-016-0185-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_117_1","unstructured":"American Parkinson's Disease Association. Be Active & Beyond: A Guide to Exercise and Wellness for People with Parkinson's Disease;2017. Accessed November 9 2025.https:\/\/www.apdaparkinson.org\/uploads\/files\/Be-Active-Book_For-Web-90o.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab302"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_119_1","unstructured":"Br\u00fchlmannSEuropean Physiotherapy Guideline for Parkinson's disease;2014. Accessed November 8 2025.https:\/\/www.parkinsonnet.nl\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2019\/11\/eu_guideline_parkinson_guideline_for_pt_s1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_120_1","unstructured":"Working Group of the Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with Parkinson's disease;2014. Accessed November 8 2025.https:\/\/portal.guiasalud.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/GPC_546_Parkinson_IACS_comp_en.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968318801558"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_122_1","first-page":"S21","article-title":"The universal prescription for Parkinson's disease: exercise. Bloem BR, Brundin P, eds","volume":"10","author":"Alberts JL","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Park Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001174"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00904-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215515570381"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-181383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/854328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2018.0035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20120279"}],"container-title":["Neuroprotection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nep3.70032","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/nep3.70032","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nep3.70032","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:38:56Z","timestamp":1782466736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nep3.70032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nep3.70032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nep3.70032","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2770-7296","2770-730X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2770-7296","type":"print"},{"value":"2770-730X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}