{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T05:24:59Z","timestamp":1698125099699},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]],"date-time":"2004-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4789,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurobiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuron L7 of the marine mollusc, <jats:italic>Aplysia californica<\/jats:italic>, is unique in that it innervates five different target tissues in the animal. We show that when L7 is grown <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> with two of these targets, that is, muscle cells isolated from the auricle or the gill vein, newly formed L7 neurites contact the muscle cells. Chemical synapses are formed since intracellular stimulation of L7 elicits contraction of individual muscle cells. Interestingly, auricle muscles are also innervated by neuron RBhe and co\u2010cultures of RBhe and auricle muscle cells also exhibit synapse formation. To explore the molecular basis for synaptogenesis between L7 and its targets, it would be useful to quantify the extent of synapse formation <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, that is, to determine how many muscle cells can be innervated by a single L7. We show that this can be attained by staining for cytochrome oxidase activity. Cultures of auricle and gill vein muscles were exposed to the appropriate neurotransmitter in order to elicit contraction. The cells were then fixed and stained. In both cases, only cells that contracted were stained and electron microscopy showed reaction product associated with the cristae of mitochondria. When this procedure was applied to cultures of L7 and muscle cells, 38 \u00b1 2.8% (S.E.M.;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=7) of the cells on the neurites were stained and therefore responded to L7 stimulation. Thus, part of the L7\u2010RBhe circuit can be assembled <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and the extent of synaptogenesis can be accurately quantitated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480220606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,27]],"date-time":"2005-05-27T21:17:04Z","timestamp":1117228624000},"page":"605-616","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cytochrome oxidase activity as a measure of synaptogenesis by mutifunctional neuron L7 of <i>Aplysia<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Richard T.","family":"Ambron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Dotty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilyn","family":"Smedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1989.61.5.1053","article-title":"Innervation of vascular and cardiac muscle of Aplysia by multimodal motorneuron L7","volume":"61","author":"Alevizos A.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480200604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(85)90099-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1974.37.5.1020","article-title":"Physiological and biochemical properties of neuromuscular transmission between identified motorneurons and gill muscle in Aplysia","volume":"37","author":"Carew T. J.","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-07-02232.1987","article-title":"Serotonin produces long\u2010term changes in the excitability of Aplysia sensory neurons in culture that depend upon new protein synthesis","volume":"7","author":"Dale N.","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. 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