{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:51:58Z","timestamp":1777449118755,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]],"date-time":"2004-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3571,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurobiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The higher vocal center (HVC) of adult male canries undergoes a seasonal change in volume that corresponds to seasonal modifications of vocal behavior: HVC is large when birds produce stereotyped song (spring) and is small when birds produce plastic song and add new song syllables into their vocal repertoires (fall). We reported previously that systemic exposure to testosterone (T) produces an increase in the volume of HVC similar to that observed with long\u2010day photoperiods. T\u2010induced growth of HVC occured regardless of wheter the borders of HVC were defined by Nissl\u2010staining, the distribution of androgen\u2010concentrating cells, or the distribution of projection neurons [separate neuronal populations within HVC project to the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA) and to Area X of the avian striatum (X)]. In the present study we used steroid autoradiography to determine whether T can influence the distribution of HVC cells that bind estrogen, and we combined estrogen autoradiography with retrograde labeling to determine whether HVC neurons that project to RA versus X differ in their ability to accumulate estrogen. Results showed that T increased the volume of Nissl\u2010defined HVC and although HVC contained a low density of estrogen\u2010concentrating cells, T increased the spatial distribution of these cells to match the Nissl borders of HVC. We also identified a region containing a high density of estrogenconcentrating cells located medial to HVC [we call this region paraHVC (pHVC)], and T also increased the volume of pHVC. pHVC also contained numerous X\u2010projecting neurons, but few if any RA\u2010projecting neurons. Double\u2010labeling analysis revealed the RA\u2010projecting neurons did not accumulate estrogen, a small percentage of X\u2010projecting neurons in HVC accumulated estrogen, and the majority of X\u2010projecting neurons in pHVC showed heavy accumulation of estrogen. The data reported here and in our previous article suggest distinct roles for gonadal steroids within the HVC\u2010pHVC complex: estrogens are concentrated by neurons that project to a striatal region that influences vocal production during song learning (X), whereas androgens are concentrated primarily by neurons that project to a motor region that is involved in vocal production during both song learning and the recitation of already\u2010learned song (RA). \u00a9 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480260108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T03:48:33Z","timestamp":1104551313000},"page":"87-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Differential estrogen accumulation among populations of projection neurons in the higher vocal center of male canaries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah W.","family":"Bottjer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090940210"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(90)90051-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901890302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901650406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903170407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480190705"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480230402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480230909"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6719123"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902790211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480210602"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480240508"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0840211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7280692"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902940104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.23.9445"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)91063-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"1052","article-title":"Chemical lesions of a thalamic nucleus disrupt song development in male zebra finches","volume":"18","author":"Halsema K. 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