{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T03:38:18Z","timestamp":1773459498987,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]],"date-time":"2004-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3481,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurobiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study we use dissociated cell cultures of the rat carotid body to investigate the adaptive capabilities of endogenous oxygen chemoreceptors, following chronic stimulation by various environmental factors. These oxygen chemoreceptors are catecholamine\u2010containing glomus cells, which derive from the neural crest and resemble adrenal medullary chromaffin cells. Using double\u2010label immunofluorescence, we found that chronic exposure of carotid body cultures to hypoxia (2% to 10% oxygen) caused a significant fraction of tyrosine hydroxylase\u2010positive (TH+) glomus cells to acquire detectable immunoreactivity for growth\u2010associated protein gap\u201043. The effect was dose\u2010dependent and peaked around an oxygen tension of 6%, where approximately 30% of glomus cells were GAP\u201043 positive. Treatment with agents that elevate intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (i.e., dibutyryl cAMP or forskolin) also markedly stimulated GAP\u201043 expression. Since hypoxia is known to increase cAMP levels in glomus cells, it is possible that the effect of hypoxia on GAP\u201043 expression was mediated, at least in part, by a cAMP\u2010dependent pathway. Unlike hypoxia, however, cAMP analogs also stimulated neurofilament (NF 68 or NF 160 kD) expression and neurite outgrowth in glomus cells, and these properties were enhanced by retinoic acid. Nerve growth factor, which promotes neuronal differentiation in related crest\u2010derived endocrine cells, and dibutyryl cGMP were ineffective. Thus, it appears that postnatal glomus cells are plastic and can express neuronal traits <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. However, since hypoxia stimulated GAP\u201043 expression, without promoting neurite outgrowth, it appears that the two processes can be uncoupled. We suggest that stimulation of GAP\u201043 by hypoxia may be important for other physiological processes, e.g., enhancing neurotransmitter release or sensitization of G\u2010protein\u2013coupled receptor transduction. \u00a9 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480260403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T03:50:40Z","timestamp":1104551440000},"page":"485-496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Plasticity in cultured carotid body chemoreceptors: Environmental modulation of GAP\u201043 and neurofilament"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Adele","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Nurse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Comparative studies on the effects elicited by pre\u2010and postnatal injections of anti\u2010NGF, guanethidine, and 6\u2010hydroxydopamine in chromaffin and ganglion cells of the adrenal medulla and carotid body in infants rats","volume":"25","author":"Aloe L.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Adv. 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