{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T04:25:30Z","timestamp":1793507130080,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride mouthwashes on oral mucositis and quality of life in patients undergoing chemotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study was a randomized controlled trial study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred forty\u2010four patients with a cancer diagnosis were randomly assigned into three groups: sodium bicarbonate mouthwash (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a048), zinc chloride mouthwash (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a048) and placebo group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a048). The severity of mucositis and quality of life were examined blindly at the baseline and 3\u2010week follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The grade of oral mucositis decreased at the end of the third weeks in the sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride groups rather than the placebo group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). The severity of oral mucositis in the sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride groups decreased from end of the first week until third week (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). In addition, there was significant difference in the severity of oral mucositis among the groups at the end of the second (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.014) and the third weeks (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Also, there was a statistically significant difference in quality of life scores between the sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride mouthwash with the placebo group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Zinc chloride and sodium bicarbonate mouthwashes were effective in treating and reducing the severity of oral mucositis, and subsequently improving quality of life in patients with cancer under chemotherapy. Therefore, we can recommend zinc chloride and sodium bicarbonate at the beginning of chemotherapy to improve oral health and promoting quality of life in these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T08:22:23Z","timestamp":1644999743000},"page":"1602-1611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride mouthwashes in the treatment of oral mucositis and quality of life in patients with cancer under chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3475-4033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fateme","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nursing, Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center and Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center Department of Nursing Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khodayar","family":"Oshvandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Surgical Nursing School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mother and Child Care Research Center Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Ramesh","family":"Kamallan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical\u2010Surgical Nursing Student Research Center Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salman","family":"Khazaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Health Sciences Research Center Health Sciences &amp; Technology Research Institute Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Ranjbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Ahmadi\u2010Motamayel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine School of Dentistry Dental Research Center Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Nursing and Midwifery University of the West of Scotland  Paisley Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ensiyeh","family":"Jenabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant Professor of Reproductive Health (By Research) Autism Spectrum disorders Research Center Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Yaser","family":"Vafaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Pharmacy Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdj.2019.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2020.21.7.1851"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms2018.25.5.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2017.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-017-3904-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2012.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24908"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36348\/SIJTCM.2019.v02i07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12901"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)01562-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"74","article-title":"Effect of honey use in preventing the occurrence and reduction of mucositis severity Chemotherapy in children with cancer","volume":"18","author":"Ghadiri K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1709896"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030665"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","volume-title":"The effect of oral care and honey oral care program on mucositis,weight loss and quality of life in patients with acute myeloid leukemia under chemotherapy: A clinical trial study","author":"Khanjani Pour A.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2621-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-016-0567-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.999"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"A comparison between zinc sulfate and chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwashes in the prevention of chemotherapy\u2010induced oral mucositis","volume":"19","author":"Mehdipour M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Daru"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008918310251"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Effect of oral zinc sulphate in prevention of radiation induced oropharyngeal mucositis during and after radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancers","volume":"1","author":"Mosalaei A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Middle East Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2016.04.001"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Effect of sodium bicarbonate against Candida albicans in denture stomatitis: An in vitro study","volume":"29","author":"Najafi S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01706-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs7030062"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2018.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3221"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010839"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02348-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-013-1869-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","first-page":"86","article-title":"Comparison of cancer incidence in Iran and Iranian immigrants to British Columbia, Canada","volume":"7","author":"Yavari P.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.907730"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023387"}],"container-title":["Nursing Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nop2.1168","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/nop2.1168","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nop2.1168","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T15:51:33Z","timestamp":1692978693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nop2.1168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nop2.1168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nop2.1168","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2054-1058","2054-1058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-1058","type":"print"},{"value":"2054-1058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}