{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T01:54:39Z","timestamp":1784944479242,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychological impact on nursing students at the end of period of confinement during the first wave of the COVID\u201019 outbreak in Spain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study reported in line with the STROBE guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nursing students were invited to complete an online questionnaire at the end of the 2019\u20132020 academic year using convenience sampling. The questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic factors, work, and life experiences in relation to COVID\u201019, habits and lifestyle using the World Health Organization Five <jats:italic>Well\u2010Being<\/jats:italic> Index (<jats:italic>WHO<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>5<\/jats:italic>) and the Generalized Anxiety disorder\u20107 scale. Variables related to anxiety were analysed using multiple lineal regression analysis,<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of low psychological well\u2010being in the 203 students was 44.3% and of anxiety 55.7%. In the multivariate analysis the variables associated with anxiety were having worked in the pandemic, having had symptoms of COVID\u201019 and having been afraid of getting infected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The levels of anxiety due to the COVID\u201019 pandemic in nursing students have been high, and levels of psychological well\u2010being have been low. The fact of having worked during the pandemic, having had symptoms compatible with COVID\u201019 or being afraid of getting infected are associated with the highest scores for anxiety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study gives more evidence on the psychological impact on nursing students during the first wave of the pandemic in Spain. This can be used to design anxiety management programmes for inclusion into teaching syllabuses. It also gives arguments for the setting up of psychological and emotional support services for these students and other healthcare professionals working during the pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T04:46:53Z","timestamp":1648702013000},"page":"2003-2012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Psychological impact of the COVID\u201019 pandemic on nursing students in the first wave: A cross\u2010sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7895-6083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Rold\u00e1n\u2010Merino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Docent, Sant Joan de D\u00e9u \u2010 Fundaci\u00f3 Privada School of Nursing University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Research Group GIES (Grupo de investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermer\u00eda, Educaci\u00f3n y Sociedad)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Research Group GEIMAC (Consolidated Group 2017\u20101681): Group of Studies of Invarianza of the Instruments of Measurement and Analysis of Change in the Social and Health Areas  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3162-6255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Hurtado\u2010Pardos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Docent, Sant Joan de D\u00e9u \u2010 Fundaci\u00f3 Privada School of Nursing University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Research Group GIES (Grupo de investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermer\u00eda, Educaci\u00f3n y Sociedad)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Member Research Group GRIN (Grupo consolidado de recerca Infermeria, SRG:664)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0131-5026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Molina\u2010Raya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus Docent, Sant Joan de D\u00e9u \u2010 Fundaci\u00f3 Privada School of Nursing University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Research Group GIES (Grupo de investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermer\u00eda, Educaci\u00f3n y Sociedad)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Bande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Anestesiolog\u00eda Reanimaci\u00f3n y Tratamiento del dolor. 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