{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T03:44:41Z","timestamp":1772077481302,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u2018Helplessness\u2019 is one of the psychological concepts that exploring nurses' helplessness during the COVID\u201019 pandemic can lead to timely intervention and empowerment of nurses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concept development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was carried out using Schwartz\u2010Barcott and Kim's hybrid model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the literature review, helplessness is characterized by anxiety symptoms (muscle tension, headache, anorexia and insomnia) and, to some extent, depression (loneliness, guilt, apathy and insensitivity). In the fieldwork, five categories were obtained, including antecedents of helplessness (the nature of the disease, professional responsibility, personal lifestyle disruption and social behaviours), attributes of helplessness (inability to do more for the patient, inability to control the situation, feeling of uselessness, frustration, giving up and uncertainty to continue), consequences of helplessness (increase clinical error, physical manifestations and psychological manifestations), strategies to reduce feelings of helplessness and the difference among helplessness, powerlessness and hopelessness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nurses' helplessness occurs when the nurse has no control over the situation and cannot change it.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T05:56:25Z","timestamp":1689918985000},"page":"6782-6793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The concept analysis of helplessness in nurses during the COVID\u201019 pandemic: A hybrid model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8615-6804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tooba Hoseini","family":"Azizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Tehran University of Medical sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8167-0932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamalodin","family":"Begjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0909-1653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Arman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Tehran University of Medical sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8818-2384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akram Sadat Sadat","family":"Hoseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery Tehran University of Medical Sciences: The member of research centre of Quran, Hadith and Medicine of Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29252\/jech.7.2.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","article-title":"Helplessness","author":"American Psychological Association","year":"2021","journal-title":"APA Dictionary of Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2020126"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2014.0115"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0080-62342009000600032"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_7_1","article-title":"Behavioral concepts and nursing intervention","author":"Carlson C. 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