{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:24:51Z","timestamp":1790727891982,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and potential effectiveness of a group\u2010based instrumental musical training programme in improving resilience, depressive symptoms, self\u2010esteem and quality of life among school\u2010aged children from low\u2010income families.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assessor\u2010blinded pilot randomised waitlist controlled trial with process evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted in the community from January 2022 to July 2023. Sixty\u2010four children from low\u2010income families (aged 8\u201312\u2009years) were randomised (1:1) to intervention and waitlist control groups. The intervention group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200932) received weekly 1\u2010hour instrumental musical training for 6\u2009months in groups of four to five from professionally qualified musicians at a music centre. The participants in the waitlist control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200932) received the same intervention as the participants in the intervention group after the completion of all outcome assessments. The primary outcome was the children's levels of resilience, measured using the Resilience Scale for Children \u2013 10. The secondary outcomes were depressive symptoms, self\u2010esteem and quality of life. Assessments were conducted at baseline (T0) and immediately post\u2010intervention (T1). An intention\u2010to\u2010treat analysis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 64 participants had a mean (SD) age of 9.5 (1.44) years, and 37 (57.8%) were boys. Compared with the waitlist control group, participants in the intervention group showed significantly greater improvements in resilience levels from baseline to T0 (group\u2010by\u2010time interaction coefficient <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094.41; 95% CI, 1.82\u20136.99; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), depressive symptoms (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22126.42; 95% CI, \u221211.12 to \u22121.71; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008), self\u2010esteem (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22122.60; 95% CI, 0.28\u20134.92; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028) and quality of life (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096.69; 95% CI, 0.18\u201313.2; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.044).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The group\u2010based instrumental musical training programme was feasible and acceptable for school\u2010aged underprivileged children and showed the potential to improve the resilience and quality of life of this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.2134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T05:10:01Z","timestamp":1710393001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Group\u2010based instrumental musical training to enhance resilience among school\u2010aged children from low\u2010income families: A pilot randomised waitlist controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6498-0314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankie Tan","family":"Cheung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong 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