{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:36:12Z","timestamp":1791999372061,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020087","name":"Huizhou Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019Y003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019Y003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the occurrence and risk factors of gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction during enteral nutrition (EN) in critically ill patients supported with mechanical ventilation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Totally 252 patients admitted at a mixed medical\u2010surgical ICU were enrolled. GI symptoms and the potential risk variables were recorded during the first 14\u2009days of EN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The incidence of GI dysfunction was 65.5%, and the incidence of diarrhoea, constipation, abdominal distension, and upper GI intolerance was 28.2%, 18.3%, 6.7% and 12.3%, respectively. The median onset days of constipation, diarrhoea, abdominal distension and UDI was 3, 5, 5 and 6\u2009days, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed a significant relationship between GI dysfunction and age (HR\u2009=\u20092.321, 95% CI: 1.024\u20135.264,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004), APACHE\u2010II score at ICU admission (HR\u2009=\u20097.523, 95% CI: 4.734\u201312.592,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018), serum albumin level (HR\u2009=\u20090.594, 95% CI: 0.218\u20130.889,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.041), multidrug\u2010resistant bacteria\u2010positive culture (HR\u2009=\u20096.924, 95% CI: 4.612\u201310.276,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), negative fluid balance (HR\u2009=\u20090.725, 95% CI: 0.473\u20130.926,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037), use of vasopressor drugs (HR\u2009=\u20091.642, 95% CI: 1.297\u20133.178,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), EN way (HR\u2009=\u20096.312, 95% CI: 5.143\u201311.836,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), infusion rate (HR\u2009=\u20091.947, 95% CI: 1.135\u20133.339,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), and intra\u2010abdominal hypertension (HR\u2009=\u20093.864, 95% CI: 2.360\u20135.839,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Critically ill patients supported with mechanical ventilation are at a high risk of GI dysfunction. Interventions such as the use of laxatives or prokinetic agents, control of EN infusion rate, and maintaining a normal state of hydration, might be beneficial for the prevention of GI dysfunction in critically ill patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.2247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T12:05:15Z","timestamp":1730289915000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The incidence and risk factors of gastrointestinal dysfunction during enteral nutrition in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4060-4605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huizhou Central People's Hospital  Huizhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianmei","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxia","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huizhou Central People's Hospital  Huizhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huizhou Central People's Hospital  Huizhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"OuYang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huizhou Central People's Hospital  Huizhou Guangdong 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