{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T06:23:47Z","timestamp":1791699827798,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study was conducted to determine the effect of non\u2010pharmacological interventions before cataract surgery on preoperative anxiety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five databases were systematically searched until 9 June, 2024. The risk of bias was evaluated using the ROBIN\u2010I instrument for non\u2010randomised studies and risk of bias 1 (ROB1) for RCTs. For cases with heterogeneity, random effects, rather than fixed effects, were reported, and subgroup analysis was performed based on the type of intervention. The investigation of publication bias was done in the form of a funnel plot, the Egger regression test and the Trim\u2010and\u2010Fill test. Meta\u2010regression analysis was performed to examine the impact of possible confounding factors on the effect size. Sensitivity analysis evaluated the robustness of our findings by excluding quasi\u2010experimental studies and applying the Knapp\u2013Hartung method to assess their influence on the overall results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis of 22 studies and 1998 participants revealed that non\u2010pharmacological interventions (back massage, hand massage, foot massage, music, educational video, patient education, aromatherapy and relaxation techniques) significantly reduced mean preoperative anxiety compared to the control group. The subgroup analysis indicated that all interventions were effective in reducing preoperative anxiety; however, hand and foot massage did not yield significant effects. Meta\u2010regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the percentages of women with effect size. The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of non\u2010pharmacological interventions, while the Knapp\u2013Hartung method maintained the overall effect size but indicated wider confidence intervals. More high\u2010quality research is needed to validate these interventions and establish clearer guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title><jats:p>No Patient or Public Contribution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.70122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T09:32:02Z","timestamp":1737624722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Non\u2010Pharmacological Interventions Before Cataract Surgery for Preoperative Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mahsan","family":"Nabighadim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School Ardabil University of Medical Sciences  Ardabil 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