{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T21:26:04Z","timestamp":1792185964243,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032722","name":"Tung Wah College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\u201004\u201052\u2010SRG210402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u201004\u201052\u2010SRG210402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032722","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The existing literature typically reports an association between Gaming Disorder (GD) and psychopathological outcomes. However, evidence linking positive psychological attributes with the risk of GD is rarely explored. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between resilience, positive mental health and self\u2010compassion and the risk of GD in young adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was cross\u2010sectional, collecting data online in four cities across China and one city in Thailand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Potential participants were recruited through social media, gaming platforms and tertiary institutions or universities. The online survey sought information on demography, gaming behaviours, risk of GD, level of self\u2010compassion, resilience and positive mental health. A General Linear Model was used to compute the associations between the study variables. A\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value less than 0.05 is regarded as statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1750 young adults were recruited. The results showed that self\u2010compassion and positive mental health were negatively associated with GD but that was not the case for resilience. Young adult gamers with lower levels of self\u2010compassion and moderate mental health had a greater risk of gaming addiction as compared to those with a higher level of self\u2010compassion and flourishing mental health. This is the first study to report the association between GD and three positive psychological factors. The preliminary findings suggest that self\u2010compassion and positive mental health could be protective mechanisms against GD. Primary healthcare professionals could include self\u2010compassion and positive mental health in health screening for the early identification of gamers at risk of GD before they manifest psychopathological symptoms. Future studies of GD should explore the effect of positive psychological factors in managing GD in addition to the psychopathological approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No patient or public contribution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.70353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T05:21:11Z","timestamp":1770614471000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association Among Self\u2010Compassion, Resilience, Positive Mental Health and Risk of Gaming Disorder in 18\u201330\u2009Year Old Population in China and Thailand: A Cross\u2010Regional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4293-8449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anson Chui Yan","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Tung Wah College  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1884-8360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina Lai\u2010Tong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing University of Newcastle  New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5729-6450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul Hong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southampton Clinical Trials Unit University of Southampton  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winnie Lai Sheung","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S.K. Yee School of Health Sciences Saint Francis University  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1536-250X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shun","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Tung Wah College  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9763-4119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufang.","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Shandong University  Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macao Polytechnic University  Macau China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4616-2753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pimpimon","family":"Wongchaiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing Chiang Rai Rajabhat University  Chiang Rai Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorna Kwai Ping","family":"Suen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Tung Wah College  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Validity and Reliability of the Thai Internet Gaming Disorder Scale 9\u2010Item (IGD Scale\u20109 TH) in Adolescents in the Psychiatry Out\u2010Patient Unit","volume":"66","author":"Boonyaprasert U.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the Psychiatric Association of Thailand"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277631"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","first-page":"734","article-title":"Reliability and Validity of Chinese Version of Self\u2010Compassion Scale","volume":"19","author":"Chen J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072582"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/psy.0b013e31818105ba"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u20102909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133481"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041265"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.06.049"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Positive Mental Health and Mental Illness","volume":"25","author":"Gilmour H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030262"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955\u2010015\u20100394\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep13010032"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.11.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758\u20100854.2009.01008.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Self\u2010Compassion and Internet Addiction","volume":"10","author":"Iskender M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674211025703"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3090197"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003\u2010066X.62.2.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2010.192245"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4306\/jknpa.2014.53.4.214"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2020.152189"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20741"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106392"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000062"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00050"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12205"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902\u2010017\u20109881\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7080222"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298860309032"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2263-5_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2006.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022108314544"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","volume-title":"Oxford Handbook of Hypo\u2010egoic Phenomena: Theory and Research on the Quiet Ego","author":"Neff K. D.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13754"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608\u2010020\u201010186\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038648"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","first-page":"1799","article-title":"Predicting Facebook Addiction: The Roles of Mental Health Continuum and Dispositional Hope","volume":"27","author":"Sari S. V.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kastamonu Education Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515622296"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43045\u2010021\u201000132\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8081102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705500802222972"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54783\/ijsoc.v2i2.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j\u2010ijchp.2017.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144\u2010020\u201000714\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9415-2_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wpsyc.2012.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044\u20108260.2011.02022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106554"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wisniewski P. H.Jia N.Wang et\u00a0al.2015.\u201cResilience Mitigates the Negative Effects of Adolescent Internet Addiction and Online Risk Exposure.\u201d Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 4029\u20134038.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2702123.2702240.","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702240"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2020.\u201cAddictive Behaviours: Gaming Disorder.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/questions\u2010and\u2010answers\/item\/addictive\u2010behaviours\u2010gaming\u2010disorder."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2021.\u201cComprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013\u20132020.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240031029."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2022.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16173181"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15010030"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2023.00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192013178"}],"container-title":["Nursing Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nop2.70353","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/nop2.70353","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nop2.70353","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T09:41:10Z","timestamp":1772962870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nop2.70353"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nop2.70353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nop2.70353","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2054-1058","2054-1058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-1058","type":"print"},{"value":"2054-1058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70353"}}