{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T12:01:39Z","timestamp":1785240099879,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with advanced\u2010stage pressure injury (PI) classification among hospitalised patients diagnosed with PIs using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) patient sample database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This secondary data analysis was approved by the Institutional Review Board of K University (IRB No. 2020\u20100266). Public data were analysed using SAS Enterprise Guide on a designated computer, and all procedures complied with data security and confidentiality requirements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A secondary analysis was conducted using the HIRA patient sample database from 2017 to 2019. Patients diagnosed with pressure injuries were classified into a mild\u2010stage group (Stages 1\u20132) and an advanced\u2010stage group (Stages 3\u20134). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with advanced\u2010stage pressure injury classification (Stage 3\u20134 vs. Stage 1\u20132), and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Male patients had higher odds of being classified as having advanced\u2010stage pressure injuries than female patients (OR\u2009=\u20091.25). The odds of advanced\u2010stage pressure injury classification increased by 1.02 for each one\u2010year increase in age and by 1.02 for each additional day of hospitalisation. Patients with urinary incontinence and malnutrition had 3.32\u2010fold and 2.76\u2010fold higher odds, respectively, of being classified as having advanced\u2010stage pressure injuries than those without these conditions (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex, age, length of hospital stay and specific comorbidities were significantly associated with advanced\u2010stage pressure injury classification among hospitalised patients with pressure injuries. Urinary incontinence and malnutrition showed particularly strong associations with advanced\u2010stage classification. These findings may support the early identification of patients who are more likely to present with advanced\u2010stage pressure injuries and inform targeted assessment and management strategies in clinical practice. Because this study was based on cross\u2010sectional administrative claims data, the findings should be interpreted as associations with advanced\u2010stage classification rather than evidence of temporal progression or causation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study utilised secondary administrative data from a nationally representative sample provided by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (2017\u20132019). No patients or members of the public were directly involved in the design or conduct of this study because the analyses were based on de\u2010identified administrative claims data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.70690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T17:30:34Z","timestamp":1784050234000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of Characteristics Associated With Advanced\u2010Stage Pressure Injury Classification Among Korean Hospitalised Patients: A Secondary Data Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7921-3102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minkyung","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, College of Health Science Daejin University  Pocheon\u2010si Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye Seul","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Graduate School Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7547-0224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohyune","family":"Sok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Science Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59071342"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33546\/bnj.3592"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22156\/CS4SMB.2020.10.11.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq\u20102023\u2010002532"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/apm\u201021\u20102757"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2022.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.12995"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17207672"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0000000000000528"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","volume-title":"National\u2010Centered Intelligent HIRA Big Data Visualization Homepage","author":"Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192214921"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7236\/IJASC.2021.10.2.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2018.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16050704"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11111\/jkana.2017.23.3.312"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15709\/hswr.2017.37.3.495"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","volume-title":"Accreditation Standards Korea Institute for Healthcare Accreditation","author":"Korea Institute for Healthcare Accreditation","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2020.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.70012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.12.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5977\/jkasne.2023.29.1.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22650\/JKCNR.2019.25.1.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7417\/CT.2020.2233"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000461911.31139.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","volume-title":"Medical Error Reduction and Prevention","author":"Rodziewicz T. 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