{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T21:40:44Z","timestamp":1792186844721,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Creativity and problem\u2010solving are essential to contemporary nursing, but newly recruited nurses have limited opportunities to develop these competencies through traditional lecture\u2010based education. This pilot study developed and evaluated a nursing innovation course that used the Bridge\u2010in, Objectives, Preassessment, Participatory Learning, Postassessment and Summary (BOPPPS) model, with Problem\u2010Based Learning (PBL) embedded in the participatory phase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An uncontrolled single\u2010group pretest\u2013posttest pilot design was used. Sixty newly recruited nurses in one tertiary hospital attended the course as a required component of standardised training, while participation in the research evaluation was voluntary. The course combined short lectures, clinical cases, small\u2010group PBL and innovation project design. Creativity and general self\u2010efficacy were assessed before and after the course; self\u2010efficacy was measured using a locally modified five\u2010response\u2010category GSES. Course evaluations and documented project outputs were also collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Complete data from all 60 participants were analysed. Creativity increased from 20.50\u2009\u00b1\u20094.15 to 23.63\u2009\u00b1\u20093.32 (mean difference 3.13, 95% CI 1.69\u20134.58;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; Cohen's dz\u2009=\u20090.56), and self\u2010efficacy increased from 38.78\u2009\u00b1\u20098.64 to 42.48\u2009\u00b1\u20096.10 (mean difference 3.70, 95% CI 0.84\u20136.56;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012; Cohen's dz\u2009=\u20090.33).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participation was associated with higher post\u2010course creativity and self\u2010efficacy, and the course appeared feasible and acceptable. The uncontrolled design and mentor\u2010supported setting preclude attributing score changes or outputs to the course alone; controlled multicentre studies are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for Nursing Practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The BOPPPS\u2010PBL structure may inform innovation\u2010focused content in nurse orientation, nurse continuing education and newly recruited nurse training when educators also provide facilitator preparation, protected learning time and context\u2010appropriate mentoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.70734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T21:11:12Z","timestamp":1792185072000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A\n                    <scp>BOPPPS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>PBL<\/scp>\n                    Nursing Innovation Course for Newly Recruited Nurses: A Single\u2010Group Quantitative Pilot Evaluation of Creativity, Self\u2010Efficacy and 1\u2010Year Project Outputs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6479-6480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Genetics West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6375-0349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaosha","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Genetics West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Urinary Disease Center Nursing West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Children's Medical Center, WCSUH\u2010Tianfu\u00b7Sichuan Provincial Children's Hospital  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Genetics West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8337-3272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Genetics West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2235-6943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingling","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Genetics West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Genetics West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xihong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5229-793X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongqian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Genetics West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/AMEP.S189062"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12354"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.2.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","volume-title":"Problem\u2010Based Learning: An Approach to Medical Education","author":"Barrows H. 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