{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:09:11Z","timestamp":1790672951346,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim(s)<\/jats:title>\n Currently, no valid and reliable instrument exists in Persian to assess intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' self\u2010efficacy in delirium care, which limits the ability to identify educational needs and evaluate targeted interventions in Iranian critical care settings. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Delirium Care Self\u2010Efficacy Scale (P\u2010DCSE\u2010I) for ICU nurses in Iran.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n A methodological study with a cross\u2010sectional design.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The original scale was translated into Persian using a forward\u2010backward method. Psychometric properties were assessed among 209 ICU nurses in Ardabil, Iran. Face and content validity were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Construct validity was examined through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Reliability was assessed using internal consistency and test\u2013retest reliability.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Qualitative face and content validity were confirmed following minor revisions. The Kaiser\u2010Meyer\u2010Olkin (KMO) measure was 0.921, and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity was significant (\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n (78)\u2009=\u20091286.45,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), confirming the adequacy of the data for factor analysis. EFA revealed a clear two\u2010factor structure (\u201cConfidence in delirium assessment,\u201d with 7 items, and \u201cConfidence in delirium management,\u201d with 6 items), explaining 73.6% of the total variance. CFA confirmed the model with excellent goodness\u2010of\u2010fit indices (\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \/df\u2009=\u20092.341, CFI\u2009=\u20090.948, RMSEA\u2009=\u20090.047). The internal consistency was acceptable for the total scale (\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.86) and subscales (\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.82\u20130.85). The test\u2013retest reliability was also excellent (ICC\u2009=\u20090.84).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The P\u2010DCSE\u2010I demonstrates strong validity and reliability. It is a suitable instrument for measuring delirium care self\u2010efficacy among ICU nurses in Iran and is useful for clinical assessment and research.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Implications for the Profession and\/or Patient Care<\/jats:title>\n This valid and reliable instrument enables the assessment of ICU nurses' confidence in delirium care, facilitating the identification of educational needs and the evaluation of targeted training interventions to improve patient safety and quality of care for critically ill patients with delirium.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Impact<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Currently, no valid and reliable instrument exists in Persian to assess ICU nurses' self\u2010efficacy in delirium care, limiting the ability to identify educational needs and evaluate interventions in Iranian critical care settings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n The Persian version of the DCSE\u2010I demonstrated strong psychometric properties, including a two\u2010factor structure, acceptable internal consistency, and acceptable test\u2013retest reliability.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n This instrument will support ICU nurses, nurse educators, and researchers in Iran and other Persian\u2010speaking populations by facilitating evidence\u2010based assessment and improvement of delirium care practices.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Reporting Method<\/jats:title>\n This study adhered to the Consensus\u2010based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist guidelines for study design and reporting.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patient or Public Contribution<\/jats:title>\n A total of 209 ICU nurses participated in this study. No patients, service users, caregivers, or members of the public were involved in the design, conduct, analysis, interpretation, or preparation of this manuscript.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.70800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:30:52Z","timestamp":1790310652000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Delirium Care Self\u2010Efficacy Scale for Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Methodological Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8475-2818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossein","family":"Fadaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical\u2010Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery Ardabil University of Medical Sciences Ardabil Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2501-8667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehraban","family":"Shahmari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical\u2010Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery Ardabil University of Medical Sciences Ardabil Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8016-8625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Nemati\u2010Vakilabad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery Ardabil University of Medical Sciences Ardabil Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3589-2558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fateme Ebrahimi","family":"Belil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical\u2010Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery Ardabil University of Medical Sciences Ardabil Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2018.03.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90022-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71485"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124192021002004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.51.9.983"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.106063"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12291"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2022.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315827506"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.13064"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.70034"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-022-01103-w"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","first-page":"393","article-title":"Updated Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis Delirium Prevalence in Iranian Hospitals' Patients","volume":"11","author":"Erfani A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.17811\/rema.24.1.2022.38-40","article-title":"Validaci\u00f3n Cruzada Sobre Una Misma Muestra: Una Pr\u00e1ctica sin Fundamento","volume":"24","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez J.\u2010L.","year":"2022","journal-title":"REMA Revista Electr\u00f3nica de Metodolog\u00eda Aplicada"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202002-0320OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","unstructured":"Fletcher K. 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