{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:42:54Z","timestamp":1792212174062,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses frequently care for patients with mental illness, yet many report feeling insufficiently prepared to address mental health needs in critical care settings. Understanding nurses' knowledge, skills and attitudes toward mental health care is essential to improving the quality and safety of care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study assessed Jordanian ICU nurses' self\u2010reported knowledge, skills and attitudes regarding the care of patients with mental illness and examined factors associated with their perceived competence in managing mental health conditions in critical care settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional descriptive design was used, involving 502 ICU nurses from 20 public, private and university hospitals in Jordan. The primary outcomes were nurses' self\u2010reported perceived knowledge and preparedness, self\u2010reported skills and attitudes toward caring for patients with mental illness. The questionnaire also assessed previous experience and receipt of formal training specifically related to mental health care for critically ill patients. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Kruskal\u2013Wallis test, Pearson correlations and multiple regression. Instrument reliability was acceptable (Cronbach's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.81\u20130.92).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nurses reported moderate self\u2010reported perceived knowledge and beliefs (mean\u2009=\u20093.19\u2009\u00b1\u20090.70), self\u2010reported skills (mean\u2009=\u20093.20\u2009\u00b1\u20090.51) and attitudes (mean\u2009=\u20093.28\u2009\u00b1\u20090.44). Important gaps were identified in knowledge of psychotropic medication use, clinical assessment tools and legal aspects of mental health care, as well as confidence in managing suicidal behaviour, psychotic symptoms and mental status assessment. Only 32% of nurses had received formal training specifically in mental health care for critically ill patients, whereas 79% reported that they could be better prepared to manage such situations with additional education. Perceived knowledge\u2010and\u2010beliefs scores, skills and attitudes were strongly and positively correlated (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.606\u20130.790,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Higher educational qualification (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.129,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011) and longer professional nursing experience (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.229,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005) were associated with higher self\u2010reported skills. More positive attitudes were associated with educational qualification (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.174,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), years as a qualified nurse (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.362,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and ICU experience (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.211,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Jordanian ICU nurses reported moderate perceived competence in mental health care, alongside important gaps in perceived knowledge, perceived preparedness, self\u2010reported clinical assessment skills and confidence in managing complex mental health situations. Some responses also indicated potentially stigmatizing beliefs that require attention in future education. The strong associations among knowledge, skills and attitudes suggest that these domains should be addressed together through structured mental health education, practical skills training and organizational support. Objective assessment of clinical competence is warranted to complement self\u2010reported preparedness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.70948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:19:36Z","timestamp":1792210776000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bridging Critical Care and Mental Health: Jordanian\n                    <scp>ICU<\/scp>\n                    Nurses' Self\u2010Reported Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes and Confidence in Caring for Patients With Mental Illness"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8295-6852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad B.","family":"Al\u2010Rawashdeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Aisha Bint Al\u2010Hussein College for Nursing &amp; Health Sciences Al\u2010Hussein Bin Talal University  Ma'an Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5145-3702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud Abdel Hameed","family":"Shahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences  Dhahran Eastern Region Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9820-7813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samia Eaid","family":"Elgazzar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical\u2010Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing Qassim University  Buraydah Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Medical\u2010Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Port\u2010Said University  Port\u2010Said Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8192-0017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ateya Megahed","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Prince Sattam Bin Abdul\u2010Aziz University  Al\u2010Kharj Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Family and Community Health Nursing College of Nursing, Port Said University  Port Said Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6050-2841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasha Mohammed","family":"Hussien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community, Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing Qassim University  Buraydah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56294\/saludcyt2024.956"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jorc.12401"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2057158520946212"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17449871261452918"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580231179876"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2020.151232"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912\u2010025\u201003490\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033\u2010295x.84.2.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.17460"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.13045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13111339"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228540"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep15040135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2026.103986"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","volume-title":"ISIH 7th International Conference","author":"Corfee F.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.12328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597\u2010019\u201000509\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1953"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","unstructured":"Dean A. K.Sullivan andM.Soe.2025.\u201cOpenEpi: Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health.\u201dVersion 2013.https:\/\/www.openepi.com\/Menu\/OE_Menu.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2022.2138653"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912\u2010025\u201002927\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912\u2010024\u201002125\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1980\u2010265X\u2010TCE\u20102024\u20100072en"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.884947"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912\u2010025\u201002926\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2057158520941753"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/fon\u20102021\u20100029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.70006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912\u2010022\u201000868\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.70156"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16205"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2057158519866393"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.13084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f2539"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13591"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","first-page":"232","article-title":"Nurses's Attitudes in Preventing Suicide: A Survey","volume":"36","author":"Litta A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatria Danubina"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2023.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1747624"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.64540"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12933"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2025.106684"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2022.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14753"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(19)32316\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102834.2011.01300.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010026\u201065269\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2019.9.24510"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12968"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.2649307"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/fon\u20102025\u20100008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare14172810"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare14060729"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.21250"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12536"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12897"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12840"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276802"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913\u2010024\u201011467\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.70022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","unstructured":"The Private Hospitals Association. n.d.\u201cAn Overview of the Jordanian Health Sector 2024.\u201dhttps:\/\/phajordan.org\/EN\u2010article\u20103809\u2010#:~:text=to%20the%20population.\u2010 Hospitals addiction%20and%20other%20medical%20specialties."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep11010016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.703"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","volume-title":"Sampling Manual for Facility Surveys, for Population, Maternal Health, Child Health and Std Programs in Developing Countries","author":"Turner A.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2020.1789788"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12537"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2019.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2024.106557"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","volume-title":"Mental Disorders Fact Sheet","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2026"}],"container-title":["Nursing Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nop2.70948","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/nop2.70948","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nop2.70948","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:19:38Z","timestamp":1792210778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nop2.70948"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nop2.70948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nop2.70948","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2054-1058","2054-1058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-1058","type":"print"},{"value":"2054-1058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70948"}}