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Fatal accidents due to chronic use and abuse of fentanyl are a worldwide social problem. One reason for the abuse of fentanyl is its psychostimulant effects that could induce behavioral changes. The effects of chronic fentanyl administration on behavior, however, are unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult male C57<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content>\/6J mice were chronically administered fentanyl (0.03 or 0.3\u00a0mg\/kg\/d i.p.), and various behaviors were assessed using a behavioral test battery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice chronically administered a high dose of fentanyl (0.3\u00a0mg\/kg\/d) exhibited decreased anxiety\u2010like behavior as assessed by the open field and elevated plus maze tests. On the other hand, interruption of fentanyl administration led to increased anxiety\u2010like behavior as observed in the light and dark transition test. The hot plate test revealed that chronic administration of fentanyl reduced pain sensitivity. High\u2010dose chronic fentanyl administration reduced the locomotor stimulatory effects of cocaine. The results, however, failed to reach the threshold for study\u2010wide statistical significance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic fentanyl administration induces some behavioral changes in mice. Although further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of the behavioral effects of chronic fentanyl administration, our findings suggest that fentanyl is safe under properly controlled conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T12:34:14Z","timestamp":1543667654000},"page":"17-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Effects of chronic fentanyl administration on behavioral characteristics of mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6686-3322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuki","family":"Fujii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Physiology Graduate School of Innovative Life Science University of Toyama Toyama Japan"},{"name":"Life Science Research Center University of Toyama Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumie","family":"Koshidaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Science Research Center University of Toyama Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Science Research Center University of Toyama Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4734-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keizo","family":"Takao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Physiology Graduate School of Innovative Life Science University of Toyama Toyama Japan"},{"name":"Life Science Research Center University of Toyama Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.08.010"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Methadone as an analgesic","volume":"162","author":"Kamp\u2010Jensen M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-007-0057-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6634a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2018.05.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"KatzJ.Short answers to hard questions about the opioid crisis. 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